新冠肺炎疫情期间医师职业倦怠调查研究

Investigation and research on physician's job burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic

目的调查分析新冠肺炎疫情期间医师职业倦怠的现状,为缓解情绪负担,提升工作质量提供理论依据。方法采用方便抽样方法,选取无锡市某三级综合医院,截至2021年12月从事临床工作满半年以上的医师,通过职业倦怠量表(MBI-HSS)评估医师职业倦怠状态,并对其影响因素进行调查分析。结果本次问卷共发放165份,回收有效问卷160份,参与率96.97%。对调查问卷分析后发现新冠肺炎疫情期间,45.00%的医师在情感衰竭维度上处于重度倦怠水平;在去人格化维度上,40.63%处于中度倦怠水平;在个人成就感低落维度上,44.38%的医师为重度倦怠水平。不同年龄、婚姻状况、职称、收入水平和每周工作时间对职业倦怠存在不同程度的影响,其中职称对职业倦怠产生负向影响,职称越高,职业倦怠程度越低(P值均<0.05);年龄、每周工作时间对职业倦怠产生正向影响,年龄越大(F=2.56,P<0.05),每周工作时长越多(F=1.57,P<0.05),职业倦怠程度越重。此外,通过对研究对象最大压力源调查,临床医师认为组织支持感不足、新冠肺炎疫情、工作机制不合理等是工作负荷的最大原因。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间医师职业倦怠程度较为严重。医师本身应该提高自我认知,强化心理建设;医院应当关注医师的健康需求,健全工作机制;社会应该构建疫情防控体系,激发医师抗疫的信心。

Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of physicians'job burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic,to provide a theoretical basis for relieving the emotional burden and improving work quality.Methods The convenience sampling method was used to select physicians who had been engaged in clinical work for half a year as of December 2021 in a general tertiary hospital in Wuxi to assess the burnout status of physicians by the Burnout Scale(MBI-HSS)and to investigate and analyze its influencing factors.Results A total of 165 questionnaires were distributed,and 160 valid questionnaires were returned,with a participation rate of 96.97%.Analysis of the questionnaires revealed that 45.00%of the physicians were at a severe burnout level on the emotional exhaustion dimension during the COVID-19 pandemic,on the depersonalization dimension,the 40.63%of the physicians were at a moderate burnout level overall;and on the low personal fulfilment,44.38%of physicians were at a severe burnout level.Different age,marital status,professional title,income level and weekly working hours had different degrees of effect on job burnout,with titles having a negative effect on burnout,the higher the title,the lower the level of burnout(all P<0.05);age and weekly working hours had a positive effect on job burnout,the older the age(F=2.56,P<0.05),the more the weekly working hours(F=1.57,P<0.05),the greater the burnout level.In addition,by investigating the most significant stressors among the study participants,clinicians identified a lack of organizational support,the new coronary pneumonia epidemic,and unreasonable work mechanisms as the most significant causes of workload.Conclusion The degree of professional burnout of physicians was relatively serious during the COVID-19 pandemic.Physicians should improve self-awareness and psychological construction;hospitals should pay attention to physicians'health needs and improve workingmechanisms;society should build an epidemic prevention and control systemto inspire physicians'confidence in fighting the epidemic.