“动态清零”政策下民众的心理行为特征及对策研究

The psychological behavior characteristics and countermeasures of the people under the "dynamic zero-COVID" policy

目的 为更好落实“外防输入、内防反弹”的防疫方针,分析“动态清零”政策下民众的心理行为特征,为民众心理疏导和领导管理决策提供对策建议。方法 采用方便抽样方法对全国30省市5 743人进行问卷调查。结果 全国民众对于“动态清零”政策基本认同,但疫情曾严重的上海地区民众的认同度较其他地区偏低。部分民众在核酸检测中存在认知行为的盲点,抗原自测盒使用监管还存在问题。在确定入住方舱医院的人员分布管理和隔离人群重点救治方面,政府与民众的认知也存在偏差,需要调整政策。回归模型分析结果表明,变革型领导行为对降低民众风险心理威胁和负性情绪有重要的作用;在疫情防控对策方面,通过医疗团队的快速组建取得了一定的成效,在上海地区通过“动态清零”现状的管理熵评估,验证了城市防疫工作评估模式的可行性。结论“动态清零”下民众在疫情防控举措方面存在认知行为盲点,领导的管理引导行为可降低民众的风险威胁和负性情绪,并对进一步疫情防控在核酸选址、居家办公、半封闭管理和未来评估提出了对策建议。

Objective To better implement the COVID-19 epidemic prevention policy of "foreign defense input,internal defense rebound",analyze the psychological behavior characteristics of the people under the dynamic zero-COVID policy,and provide countermeasures and suggestions for the people’s psychological counseling and leadership management decision-making.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 5 743 people in30 provinces and cities across the country using the convenience sampling method.Results The people of the whole country basically agreed with the dynamic zero-COVID policy,but the people in the Shanghai area,where the epidemic had been serious,had a lower degree of agreement than other areas.Some people had blind spots in cognitive behavior in nucleic acid testing,and there were still problems in the supervision of the use of antigen self-testing kits.There was also a discrepancy in the cognition of the government and the public in determining the distribution and management of people admitted to fangcang hospitals and the key treatment of isolated groups,and policies needed to be adjusted.The results of regression model analysis showed that transformational leadership behavior plays an important role in reducing public risk psychological threats and negative emotions;in terms of epidemic prevention and control measures,certain results had been achieved through the fast formation of medical teams and the improvement of homeworking communication methods,in the Shanghai area,through the management entropy evaluation of the status quo of dynamic zero-COVID policy,the feasibility of the evaluation model of urban epidemic prevention work had been verified.Conclusion Under the dynamic zero-COVID policy,the public has cognitive and behavioral blind spots in epidemic prevention and control measures.The management and guidance behavior of leaders can reduce the risk threat and negative emotions of the public,and put forward countermeasures and suggestions for further epidemic prevention and control in nucleic acid site selection,home working,semi-closed management and future evaluation.