"新冠肺炎疫情"期间中小学生在线学习心理调查研究

A Survey on K-12 students'Psychology of Online Learning During the COVID-19 Epidemic

中小学生的心理问题与学习过程紧密相关,在线学习可能进一步加剧学生的心理失衡。为提前预警混合学习生态中可能出现的学生心理问题,在新冠肺炎疫情期间大规模在线教学的契机下,开展省级范围内的全样本调查分析,摸底中小学生在线学习心理的总体状况、存在的心理问题,并探索影响在线学习心理的因素。结果发现:(1)疫情期间中小学生的在线学习心理状况明显下降,学生普遍存在轻度至中度的心理问题,学习压力和情绪不平衡状况较突出;(2)心理状态不良学生的检出率较高,男生和高中生比例较大;(3)学生在线学习心理状态可聚类为五种类型,情绪不平衡型的学生比例最高;(4)身体不适、学习负担和亲子冲突是影响学生在线学习心理的主要负面因素,学段因素可能与父母指导因素之间存在交互效应。研究建议:关注1—3年级小学生的在线学习心理引导和干预;针对情绪不平衡问题开展必要的数字韧性教育;加强体育运动;构建和谐亲子关系,促进学生身心和谐发展。

The psychological problems of K-12 students are closely related to the learning process,and the increasingly developed online learning may further aggravate students’ psychological imbalance.Exploring the psychological conditions of K-12 students’ online learning can help provide early warning of possible psychological problems in the coming blended learning.The questionnaire survey on K-12 students of Jiangsu Province was conducted upon the national online learning during the COVID-19 epidemic to outline the students’ online learning psychology and possible problems,and explore the factors affecting online learning psychology.The results found that:(1) The online learning psychological condition of K-12 students decreased significantly during the COVID-19 epidemic,and students generally had mild to moderate psychological problems;(2) The detection rate of students with poor psychological state was high,and the proportion of male and high school students was larger;(3) Students’ online learning psychological state could be clustered into five types,and the proportion of students with emotional imbalance was the highest;(4) Physical discomfort,study burden and parent-child conflicts were the main negative factors affecting students’ online learning psychology,and there might be an interaction effect between academic segments and parental guidance.The study recommends to pay attention to the psychological guidance and intervention of online learning for elementary school students in grades 1-3;carry out necessary digital resilience education for emotional imbalance problems;strengthen sports;and build harmonious parent-child relationships,thus to promote students’ harmonious physical and mental development.