成"道德之人"而非成"道德之才"--鲁洁先生德育目的论研究

Culturing"Moral Human Beings"Rather than"Moral Talents":A Study of Mr.Lu Jie's Theory of the Purpose of Moral Education

鲁洁先生深刻认识到,当今我国的德育存在外在化、片面化等问题,导致所培养的人是"道德之才"而非"道德之人"。"道德之才"只具有部分道德,在道德领域只得到片面发展。"道德之人"是在道德领域全面发展、主动发展、自由发展的人,是具有共在型独立人格的人。为此,鲁洁先生响亮地提出了"做成一个人"的号召。要做成一个人,个体要在"成人之道"理念引导下,在生活实践中去"做",去筹划自己、超越自我。这是一种"超越论人生观"。教学中,教师要以生活为中心,引导学生针对生活经验、各种生活方式、存在方式,展开叙述、体验、理解、对话、交流、讨论、辩论等,促使学生从物质世界进入意义世界,提升自我。

Mr.Lu Jieis deeply aware of the problems of externalization and one sidedness of moral education in China today,resulting in the cultivation of people who are"moral talents"rather than"moral human beings".A"moral talent"is only partially moral and develops only one-sidedly in the field of morality.A"moral human being"is a person who is fully developed,actively developed,and freely developed in the moral field,and is a person with a common type of independent personality.For this reason,LuJie has made the call to"become a human being".In order to become a human being an individual must be guided by the concept of"the way of beinga human being"and practice in the life,to plan oneself and to transcend oneself This is a"transcendentalist view of life".In teaching,teachers should focus on life and guide students to narrate,experience,understand,speak,exchange,discuss and debate about life experiences,various ways of life and ways of being,so that students can move from the material world to the world of meaning and improve themselves.