种植密度、施氮量及留叶数对云烟116群体产质量的影响

Effects of Planting Density, Nitrogen Application Rate and the Number of Retained Leaves on Yield and Quality of Yunyan 116

在宜宾市屏山县典型植烟区以云烟116为供试烤烟品种,通过L(3)正交试验设计研究了不同种植密度、施氮量、留叶数对烤烟大田生育期、农艺性状、经济性状、外观质量及化学成分等指标的影响,以构建最优群体结构,获得高产优质烟叶。结果表明:施氮量对生育期、农艺性状有较大影响,生育期随施氮量的增加而延长,株高、叶面积随施氮量的增加而增加;不同施氮量、移栽密度、留叶数处理对蛋白质、烟碱、总糖、还原糖、糖碱比影响较大;各因素对产量、均价的影响表现为施氮量>留叶数>种植密度;对上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、产值的影响表现为施氮量>种植密度>留叶数。综合考虑认为,云烟116在种植密度15 750株/hm^(2)、留叶数18片、施氮量105 kg/hm^(2)时群体结构最好,可获得最佳的经济性状。

The population structure of Yunyan 116 was tested in a typical tobacco-growing area in Pingshan County,Yibin City.The experiment used the L(3~4) orthogonal test method to systematically study the effects of different planting densities,nitrogen application rates,and the number of retained leaves on the field growth duration,agronomic traits,economic traits,appearance quality and chemical composition of Yunyan 116,aiming at optimizing Yunyan 116 population structure for high yield and good quality.The results showed that nitrogen application rates had a relatively stronger effect on the growth duration and agronomic traits;with the increase of nitrogen application rates,the growth period extended,and the plant height and leaf area increased.The effects of nitrogen application rates,transplanting densities,and the number of retained leaves on protein,nicotine,total sugars,reducing sugar and sugar-nicotine ratio were strong.The nitrogen application rate was the main factor affecting the economic traits of Yunyan 116.The effect of each factor on tobacco yields and average prices was in the order of nitrogen application rate> the number of retained leaves>planting density.For the proportions of top grade and/or top to medium grade tobacco,and output values,the effect was nitrogen application rate>planting density>the number of retained leaves.In conclusion,Yunyan 116 achieved the best population structure and optimal economic traits when grown 15 750 plants/hm^(2) with 18 leaves left per plant at a nitrogen application rate of 105 kg/hm^(2).