不同化学药剂对药用百合卷丹灰霉病的防治效果

Study on the Prevention and Control Effects of Different Chemicals on Gray Mold Disease of Lilium lancifolium Thunb.

为了筛选出防治药用百合卷丹灰霉病的高效、低毒、低残留化学药剂,以药用百合卷丹为材料,研究了不同化学药剂的防治效果。结果表明:6种药剂处理对百合灰霉病都有很好的防效,以处理2和处理1的防效较好,分别为85.13%和82.88%,其次是处理4;百合的产量以处理1最高,其次是处理2和处理3,分别为22.39、20.59和19.54 t/hm^(2);综合考虑防效与产量,以处理1和处理2的效果较好。因此,用20%咯菌腈悬浮剂600 mL/hm^(2)兑水900 L和用40%嘧霉胺悬浮剂1 410 g/hm^(2)兑水900 L,在百合发病初期于4月30日、5月10日和5月20日连续喷施3次的效果较好,在实际应用中建议选用40%嘧霉胺悬浮剂和20%咯菌腈悬浮剂交替使用,在百合灰霉病发病初期连续施药3次,每次间隔7~15 d。

In order to screen suitable chemical agents with high efficacy,low toxicity and low residue for the control of gray mold disease in Lilium lancifolium Thunb.,the field efficacy comparison test of six chemical agents were conducted.The results showed that the six chemical agents all had good efficacy against gray mold disease.The rates of diseased leaves and disease indexes of six treatments were all significantly lower than those of the control (no application of chemical agents).Among them,treatments 2 and 1 achieved the best two control efficacies,reaching 85.13% and 82.88%,respectively,the next was treatment 4.Treatment 1 produced the highest yield,followed by treatments 2 and 3,with a respective yield of 22.39,20.59 and 19.54 t/hm^(2).Comprehensively considering the control efficacy and production,treatments 1 and 2 were better.When mixing 600 mL/hm^(2) of fludioxonil 20% SC with 900 L water or mixing 1 410 g/hm^(2) of pyrimethanil 40% SC with 900 L water to spray on April 30,May 10 and May 20 in turn after the onset of gray mold disease in Lilium lancifolium Thunb.,it got a good control efficacy.In practical application,it suggests the alternative use of pyrimethanil 40% SC and fludioxonil 20% SC every 7-15 d after the occurence of gray mold disease for three times in total.