我国畜禽类地理标志产品发展现状与优化建议

The Development Status and Optimization Suggestions of Livestock and Poultry Geographical Indication Products in China

研究以2008—2021年我国现有3个地理标志产品保护体系公布的畜禽类地理标志为研究对象,对其发展概况、时空分布特征、品牌价值进行分析,总结存在的问题并提出促进我国畜禽类地理标志发展的建议。结果表明:2008—2021年,我国畜禽类地理标志逐年增加,但增速趋于下降,大致分为高速、平稳和低速增长3个阶段;畜禽类地理标志空间分布呈现“西多东少”格局,且集聚特征明显,但集聚度总体呈现波动下降趋势;影响我国畜禽类地理标志时空分布的主要因素有自然资源禀赋、产业基础及国家和地方政策等;畜禽类地理标志品牌整体价值偏低,具有较高品牌价值的地理标志主要分布于西部地区。针对保护机制“多轨并行”,缺乏统一准则;畜禽类地理标志标准体系不健全,防污治污意识不强;发展不均衡,市场拓展较难;地域特色不鲜明、产业数字化转型困难等问题,该研究从协调保护机制,统一立法;防治畜禽养殖污染,保障产品质量安全;开发多元化产品,提高区域品牌价值;强化科技支撑,助推现代畜禽产业发展等方面提出了优化建议。

This study took livestock and poultry geographical indications in the exsiting three geographical indication product protection systems in China from 2008 to 2021 as research objects,analyzed their development overview,temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and brand values,summarized existing problems,and put forward suggestions to promote the development of livestock and poultry geographical indications in China.The results showed that livestock and poultry geographical indications in China increased year by year from 2008 to 2021,the growth rate tended to decrease,and the growth process could be divided into three stages of high speed,stable and low speed growth.The spatial distribution of livestock and poultry geographical indications showed a pattern of "more in the west and less in the east",with obvious agglomeration characteristics,but the agglomeration degree showed a trend of decline with fluctuations.The main factors affecting the temporal and spatial distribution of livestock and poultry geographical indications were the natural resource endowment,industrial foundation,and national and local policies.The overall brand value of livestock and poultry geographical indications was low,and the geographical indications with high brand value were mainly distributed in western China.There were some problems in the development of geographical indication products of livestock and poultry in China:multiple protection mechanisms were parallel to each other,and lacked unified criteria;the standard system of livestock and poultry geographical indications was not perfect,and the consciousness of pollution prevention and control was not strong;the development was unbalanced,and the market development was difficult;regional characteristics were not distinct,and the digital transformation of the industry was difficult.Therefore,improvement measures were put forward by this study as follows:to coordinate protection mechanisms,and unify legislation;to prevent and control pollution in livestock and poultry breeding,and ensure product quality and safety;to develop diversified products,and improve regional brand value;to strengthen scientific and technological support,and boost the development of modern livestock and poultry industry.