路权变动下胶济铁路货捐的开征与滥征(1924—1931)

Imposition of Goods Donation and Its Abuse:A Case Study on the Jiaoji Railway against the Background of Changing Railway Ownership(1924-1931)

1924年10月,胶济铁路开征铁路货捐。日方对此强烈抵制,中国方面基于排日的目标,从中央到地方据理力争,采取一系列反制措施,迫使日方接受。此后,因路权被地方控制和军阀肆意索取,胶济铁路沿线成为杂捐滥征的重税区。胶济铁路货捐的开征及滥征,体现了外资铁路在中国收回路权后所牵扯出的各种冲突与矛盾,背后既有民族主义的促动,使铁路货捐的开征带有排日的意蕴,同时也存在各种政治势力在既得利益分配上的博弈。

The Jiaoji railway began collecting railway cargo donation in 1924, which invoked strong resistance by Japan. Botht he central and local Chinese governments stood their ground and forced the Japaneses side to accept this tax by taking corresponding countermeasures. However, the Jiaoji Railway was later controlled by local warlords, who wantonly collected taxes from areas along the Jiaoji Railway. Collection of the Jiaoji Railway cargo donation and its abuse brought the various conflicts and contradictions after the ownership of this foreign-funded railway was taken back by China to the fore. On the one hand, the Jiaoji Railway cargo donation took place under an anti-Japanese atmosphere and was galvanized by Chinese nationalism. On the other hand, it laid bare the struggles by various political forces for their invested interests.