不同溃坝条件下尾矿库溃坝试验与灾害影响研究

Study on dam-break tests and hazard influence of tailings pond under different dam-break conditions

为探究不同溃坝条件下尾砂流的演进规律与灾害影响,提高应对尾矿库溃坝灾害的防灾减灾能力。以四川某尾矿库为研究背景,采用模型试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究不同溃坝条件下溃坝砂流的演进和沉积规律,并预估溃坝灾害影响。研究结果表明:溃坝方式对溃坝砂流的演进过程、尾砂的沉积分布情况与致灾程度有显著影响;与漫顶溃坝相比,瞬时溃坝砂流的淹没范围更广、破坏性更强;砂流在流动过程中存在水-砂分层流动与沉淀的动态变化过程,其淹没面积大于尾砂的沉积面积;试验与数值模拟结果的一致性较高,采用两者相结合的方法研究溃坝砂流流动规律及灾害影响具有一定的可靠性。

In order to investigate the evolution law and hazard influence of tailings fluid under different dam-break conditions,and improve the disaster prevention and mitigation ability to deal with the dam-break hazard of tailings pond,taking a tailings pond in Sichuan as the research background,the evolution and deposition laws of dam-break sand fluid under different dam-break conditions were studied by using the combined methods of model test and numerical simulation,and the hazard influence of dam-break was predicted.The results showed that the dam-break mode had significant influence on the evolution process of dam-break sand fluid,the deposition distribution of tailings sand and the hazard degree.Compared with the overtopping dam-break,the tailings fluid of instantaneous dam-break had wider submerged area and stronger destructiveness.There was a dynamic change process of water-sand stratification flow and sedimentation during the flow process of sand fluid,and the submerged area was larger than the deposition area of tailing sand.The consistency between the test and numerical simulation results was good,and it was reliable to study the sand flow law and the hazard influence of dam-break by combining the two methods.