企业数字化转型战略与能力对产品服务系统的影响研究

The Impact of Enterprise Digital Transformation Strategy and Capability on Product Service System

数字时代,传统产品和服务创新理论的固定边界、生命周期、预设目标、主体范围等前提被打破,产品服务系统(PSS)在形态、特性、功能、逻辑等方面的数字化转型愈发重要。数字化转型战略和数字化能力作为PSS数字化转型的起点和关键影响因素,反映了企业数字化转型中“想转”和“能转”两方面。本文基于战略构型理论和动态能力理论,根据数字化转型战略和数字化能力水平划分二维四象限组合,探究各组合下数字化转型战略和数字化能力对PSS数字化转型的影响,并挖掘其作用机制。研究获得如下结论:(1)积极战略—高能力组合下,数字化转型战略和数字化能力的互补联合水平越高,产品数字化转型、服务数字化转型及其互动耦合关系水平越高;(2)积极战略—低能力组合下,数字化转型战略和数字化能力的互补联合水平越高,服务数字化转型水平越高;(3)保守战略—高能力组合下,数字化转型战略和数字化能力的互补联合水平越高,产品数字化转型水平越高。本文通过分类组合,深入探讨了数字化转型战略和数字化能力对企业PSS数字化转型的影响机理,拓展和丰富了数字化转型的理论研究,同时对于企业PSS数字化转型实践具有启示价值。

As a key output of enterprise value activities,digital transformation of product service system(PSS)is regarded as an important indicator of the success of digital transformation.This means that it is necessary to explore the implementation mechanism of digital transformation of PSS to provide guidance for practices.However,although some studies have pointed out that digital transformation strategy and digital capability are the most critical aspects of digital transformation of PSS,reflecting the two key aspects of“wishing to transfer”and“being able to transfer”,these studies are relatively independent and have not yet realized that the effects of the two complement and restrict each other.The lack of one party will inevitably erode the overall advantages and functions,and bring different digital transformation of PSS.Therefore,the existing literature is insufficient to explain the phenomenon of enterprise digital transformation in reality.In view of this,based on the strategic configuration theory and the dynamic capability theory,according to digital transformation strategy and digital capability level,four combinations are divided:active strategy–high capability,active strategy–low capability,conservative strategy–high capability,conservative strategy–low capability.The combination of conservative strategy–low capability is not of discussion significance.So,this paper mainly analyzes the impact of the first three combinations on digital transformation of PSS.Based on 246 valid questionnaires,the results are that:Under the combination of active strategy–high capability,the higher the complementary combination level of digital transformation strategy and digital capability,the higher the level of product digital transformation,service digital transformation and their interactive coupling relationship;under the combination of active strategy–low capability,the higher the complementary combination level of digital transformation strategy and digital capability,the higher the level of service digital transformation;under the combination of conservative strategy–high capability,the higher the complementary combination level of digital transformation strategy and digital capability,the higher the level of product digital transformation.The implications are that:Enterprises should unswervingly take the road of digital transformation and pay attention to digital transformation of PSS.The organic combination of digital transformation strategy and digital capability is an effective way to achieve it.The future directions are that:To carry out large sample research in a wider range;to find other perspectives and ways to divide digital transformation strategy and digital capability;and to explore the dynamic relationship between different combinations.The contributions are that:Compared with the existing research on product digital transformation,this paper further clarifies the connotation,characteristics and interactive coupling relationship between product digital transformation and service digital transformation,enriching the research on digital transformation of PSS.Compared with the existing research on digital transformation strategy and digital capability,a two-dimensional four-quadrant combination matrix is constructed for the first time to explore and test the impact of different combinations of the two on digital transformation of PSS,providing a new perspective for the relevant research.