中国公务员制度的变迁历程、演进特征与动因

Change Process,Evolution Characteristics and Motivation of Civil Servant System in China

文章首先对我国公务员制度变迁历程进行纵向历史考察和分析,整体性回顾了公务员制度的探索、初创与实施、法制化和深化改革四个实践阶段,进而概括出我国公务员制度具有的特征,即政治导向与效能目标深入融合、集中统一与专业管理不断深入、体系健全与职能细化相互促进、依循“试点-推广”基本经验等。文章总结认为,政府人事管理制度科学化的要求、公共服务需求不断升级的挑战、公务员制度的内在张力、公务员自身的职业需求等是我国公务员制度的演进动因。文章结合新时代公共管理需要,提出对未来公务员制度的变革展望。

This paper makes a longitudinal historical investigation on the change process of the civil servant system in China,and reviews the four practical stages of the civil servant system:exploration,startup and implementation,legalization and deepening reform,and then summarizes that Chinese civil servant system has the characteristics of in-depth integration of political orientation and efficiency objectives,continuous deepening of centralized and unified professional management,mutual promotion of sound system and detailed functions,following the basic experience of“pilot-promotion”and so on.It concludes that the requirement of scientific governmental personnel management system,the challenge of escalating demand for public services,the internal resilience of the civil servant system,the career needs of civil servants and so on drive the evolution of the civil servant system in China.Finally,based on the requirements of public management in the new era,this paper puts forward the prospects for the reform of the civil servant system in the future.