宪法视域下我国刑法增设新罪的适当性分析

An Analysis of the Appropriateness of Adding New Crimes in China’s Criminal Law from the Perspective of Constitution

近年来,我国刑法通过增设新罪的方法,以应对不断出现的社会风险及新问题,宪法的基本原则和核心精神应当成为检验这一做法适当性的重要标准。根据法律保留原则和比例原则,增设新罪名的正当性反映为其能够减少司法上的犯罪化现象,为变化的法益提供周延保护。在宪法基本精神的价值指引下,需要厘定刑法谦抑性的内涵,对限制公民基本权利的新罪名进行控制,具体而言,应当通过比例原则的适当性、必要性、相称性依次检验:将无助于法益保护、不具有实质可罚性的行为不作为新罪的规制内容;设立罪名要符合经济性要求和最小侵害原则;注重新罪与轻罚的体系性构建,确保罪刑相适应。

In recent years,by adding new crimes,China’s criminal law tries to cope with growing social risks and problems.The basic principle and core spirit of the constitution should be the essential standard for testing the appropriateness in this respect.According to the principle of legal reservation and the principle of proportionality,new crimes can be added on the basis of reducing the phenomenon of criminalization in justice and providing extended protection for the changing legal interests.Under the guidance of the basic spirit of the constitution,it is necessary to define the connotation of the modesty of criminal law and control the new crimes that restrict the basic rights of citizens.Specifically speaking,it must pass the appropriateness,necessity and proportionality tests of proportionality principle:acts that are not conducive to the protection of legal interests and are not substantially punishable should be excluded from the criminal circle;the execution of penalty power should accord with the economic requirement and the principle of minimum infringement;attention should be paid to the coordinated promotion of the new crime and the light punishment system to ensure the adaptation of the crime and punishment.