中国城市公园的标度律特征分析

Analysis of Scaling Law Characteristics of Chinese Urban Parks

科学研判城市公园面积与人口规模的关系,有利于客观认识和指导城市的可持续发展。采用1996—2019年中国291个地级及以上城市公园面积与人口规模数据,探究二者之间的标度关系及其标度因子的时空演化规律,进而采用基于标度律的公园规模修正模型度量各城市公园面积达到预期值的程度,并对规模修正指标和人均公园面积进行比较分析,得到如下结果。1)我国公园面积与人口规模整体呈亚线性规模缩放关系,公园具有显著规模效应,符合城市标度律特征;时间上呈现亚线性-超线性-亚线性的阶段性波动演变特征,空间上分异明显:华南接近线性标度关系,华中、东北、华北、西南呈典型亚线性关系,华东、西北呈亚线性,但标度因子偏离度较大。2)大城市在人均公园面积排序中相对靠后,在考虑规模效应后,排名普遍提高,说明规模修正指标能在消除人口规模影响的基础上,有效衡量不同规模城市公园面积的水平。标度律视角下的城市公园规模测度能够为城市人口管理和公园面积发展的决策提供科学指导,为不同规模城市公园建设提供可借鉴的比较标准,促进公园与人口的协调发展。

Scientific research and judgment on the relationship between urban park area and population size is conducive to objectively understanding and guiding the sustainable development of the city.Using data on the park area and population size of 291 cities at the prefecture level and above in China from 1996 to 2019,the paper explores the scaling relationship between the two and the spatiotemporal evolution of their scaling factors.Furthermore,it adopts the park scale correction model based on the scaling law to measure the extent to which the park area of each city reaches the expected value,and compares and analyzes the scale correction index and per capita park area.The research shows that:1)There is a sublinear-superlinear-sublinear relationship between park area and population size in China overall.Parks have significant scale effect which conforms to the characteristics of the urban scaling law.In terms of time,they present the characteristics of sublinear-super-linear-sublinear phased fluctuation evolution.The spatial differentiation is obvious,South China is close to a linear scale relationship,and Central China,Northeast China,North China,and Southwest China present a typical sublinear relationship,while East China and Northwest China present a sublinear relationship but the scale factor deviates greatly.2)Big cities rank relatively low in the index of park area per capita,and generally improve after taking into account the size effect.The scale correction index can effectively measure the level of urban park area in cities of different scales on the basis of eliminating the influence of population size.The scale measurement of urban parks from the perspective of the scaling law can provide scientific guidance for the decision-making of urban population management and park area development,provide a reference standard for the construction of urban parks of different scales,and promote the coordinated development of parks and population.