近代南京钟山风景区历史景观资源时空分布与演变研究

Study on Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Evolution of Historical Landscape Resources in Zhongshan Scenic Area in Modern Nanjing

了解近代南京山水风景资源的时空分布与演变,有助于探究风景名胜的发展规律,为当代城市风景系统的营建与可持续发展提供科学依据。基于历史地理信息系统,运用ArcGIS平台,以南京钟山风景区为例,对近代历史景观资源的时空分布及影响因素进行研究。结果表明:1)历史景观资源数量呈现2次波动,民国时期的景观资源类型趋于多样化,纪念建筑数量最多;2)历史景观资源集聚于钟山头陀岭、独龙阜、小茅峰,鸡笼山南坡,玄武湖梁洲等地;3)历史景观资源的分布重心由西北向东南长距离偏移,1840—1912年的移动趋势较弱,1912年之后的分布趋势逐渐增强;4)地形地貌、水系等自然因素直接作用于历史景观资源的选址,交通条件、统治阶级的干预及战争动乱等人文因素推动着时空演变过程。研究结果证明了基于园林文献史料构建山水名胜历史地理信息系统的可行性,为历史景观资源空间分析提供了方法借鉴。

Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution and evolution of landscape resources in Nanjing in modern times helps to explore the development rules of scenic spots and provides a scientific basis for the construction and sustainable development of contemporary urban landscape systems.Based on the historical GIS and using the ArcGIS platform,the spatial and temporal distribution and influencing factors of historical landscape resources in modern Nanjing are studied,with Nanjing Zhongshan Scenic Area as an example.The results show that:1)The number of historical landscape resources showed two fluctuations,and the types of landscape resources tended to diversify in the Republic of China period,with the largest number of memorial buildings.2)The historical landscape resources were clustered in Zhongshan Toutaoling,Dulongfu,Xiaomaofeng,the southern slope of Jigongshan Mountain,and Liangzhou of Xuanwu Lake.3)The main part of the distribution of historical landscape resources shifted from northwest to southeast over long distances.The trend of movement from 1840 to 1912 was weak,and the trend of distribution after 1912 gradually increased.4)Natural factors such as topography,geomorphology and water systems directly contributed to the location of historical landscape resources,and human factors such as transportation conditions,ruling class intervention and war and turmoil drove the process of spatiotemporal evolution.This study proves the feasibility of constructing a historical GIS of landscape sites based on the history of garden documents,and provides methodological references for the spatial analysis of historical landscape resources.