数据要素参与价值创造的途径——基于广义价值论的一般均衡分析

The Approach of Data Factor Participating in Value Creation: A General Equilibrium Analysis Based on the General Theory of Value

数据要素具有虚拟性、非竞争性、非排他性(或部分排他性)、规模报酬递增、正外部性等特征,是经济增长和价值创造的重要源泉。本文基于广义价值论,建立了纳入数据要素的一般均衡分析框架。本文认为,数据要素可以通过数据的初始存量、前期收集处理数据所投入的劳动以及当期在收集处理数据所投入的劳动等3种途径提高绝对生产力,进而通过综合生产力和比较生产力的提升引起价值量的增加。由此表明数据自身、前期物化在数据收集处理中的劳动以及当期用于数据收集处理的活劳动均参与价值创造。同时,数据要素的正外部性特征还能够推动综合生产力提升,并进一步增强消费—生产者的比较优势。

Data factor has the characteristics of fictitiousness, non-rivalrousness, non-excludability(or partial excludability), increasing returns to scale, and positive externalities. It is an important source of economic growth and value creation. Based on the general theory of value, this paper establishes a general equilibrium framework which incorporates data factor. Data factor can promote absolute productivity in three ways: the initial stock of data, the labor invested in the collection and processing of data in the early stage, and the labor invested in the collection and processing of data in the current period. Further, data factor improve comprehensive productivity and comparative productivity,and increase the amount of value. This indicates that the data itself, the materialized labor in the data collection and processing previously,and the living labor used for the data collection and processing in the current period are all involved in value creation. At the same time, the positive externality characteristics of data factor can also promote the improvement of composite productivity and consolidate the comparative advantage.