中国迈进创新型国家行列了么--基于六大权威评价指标体系的综合研判

Has China Stepped into an Innovative Country?Comprehensive Research and Judgment Based on Six Authoritative Evaluation Systems

创新型国家建设是化解新时代中国社会主要矛盾的有力抓手,是关乎中国在国际竞争格局中地位的战略举措和迈向现代化科技强国的必然要求。2020年中国迈进创新型国家行列是《国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2020年)》明确提出的奋斗目标,也是《国家创新驱动发展战略纲要》提出的“三步走”战略之首要一步。以国际公认的六大权威评价指标体系为蓝本,深入研判中国是否符合创新型国家标准,并结合国情及国际横向可比性,构建5大类16项指标体系,通过设定目标值,采用等权重相对衡量法测度中国创新型国家建设水平。研究表明:中国整体进入创新型国家行列,并迈向跨越创新型国家前列的崭新发展阶段,但不平衡性、不充分性、不协调性问题依然突出,中国创新型国家建设任重而道远。

Innovation is a powerful tool to resolve the main social contradictions in China,and the construction of an innovative country is a strategy related to the ranking of the international competition pattern,and an inevitable requirement to become a power with modern science and technology.China's entry into the ranks of innovative countries in 2020 was the goal clearly put forward in the"Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan(2006-2020)",and the most important of the"three-step"strategies proposed in the Innovation Driven Development Strategy.Since China proposed the construction of an innovative country in 2006,after nearly 15 years of efforts,it is still unknown if China has met the standards of an innovative country and entered the ranks of an innovative country.By answering this question,it can test the effectiveness of China's innovation-driven economic development strategy,clarify the path and direction of China's future development,and prove if China's high-quality development will enter a new stage.First of all,this paper divides the construction of China's innovative country into two periods over the past 40 years of reform and opening-up from the perspective of scientific and technological practice and strategic orientation:the preparation period and the accelerated growth period.It systematically reviews the history and achievements of China's innovative country construction.Secondly,this paper compares the six major international authoritative evaluation systems,analyzes the differences and the commonalities,and further compares with China to find out in which stage China is in building an innovative country.Finally,in view of the differences,new features and new trends in the process of building an innovative country in China,this paper constructs an index system with 16 indicator and 5 categories,and sets the target values.It uses the equal weight relative measurement method to measure the level of national innovative construction.It is found that China has entered the ranks of innovative countries as a whole,and it is in a new stage of development towards the forefront of leapfrogging innovative countries.But China still has problems of imbalance,inadequacy and incoordination.In order to better solve these existing problems,China needs to carry out scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation at the same time so that they can coordinate to maximize the release of enconomic vitality.There is also great need for China to increase the input of innovation resources,optimize the allocation structure of innovation resources,strengthen the efficiency of innovation output,increase the contribution rate of scientific and technological progress so that it may achieve multiple breakthroughs and self-reliance in key and core technologies.In order to improve the"three-in-one"innovation environment system of government,market and society.China needs to implement reforms in three areas.Firstly of all,the central government should delegate administrative power,reduce the administrative power without legal basis and legal authorization,clarify and limit the administrative power repeated by multiple departments.Secondly,government departments should innovate and strengthen supervision functions,and use new technologies and new systems to strengthen the innovation of supervision systems.Lastly,it is suggested to reduce the administrative cost of market operation,and promote the vitality and innovation ability of market players,and establish a cordial and innocent relationship between the government and businessmen.This paper comprehensively uses literature analysis,comparative analysis,comnining qualitative and quantitative analysis,and has certain innovations in the selection of topics and research perspectives,the construction of index system and the use of comprehensive trade-off measurement methods.However,there are some certain difficulties in the availability and reliability of data and the design of indicators,therefore,this paper focuses on quantitative measurement and weakens the quantitative measurement.Considering that the measurement of innovative countries should be comprehensively measured from the perspectives of quantity and quality,it is necessary for future research to focus on the measurement standard,index setting,and qualitative evaluation of quality,so as to conform to the rapid development of science and technology.