拨开农业创业失败复兴迷雾:失败学习与创业能力的共演过程

Revealing the Way to Revive from the Agricultural Entrepreneurship Failure:A Coevolutionary Process of Learning from Failure and Entrepreneurial Capability

农业创业赋予我国乡村振兴和农业高质量发展以无穷活力,但在实践中农业创业失败率却一直居高不下,创业者遭遇失败后究竟该如何复兴值得探索。选取央视《致富经》栏目中14个典型败后复兴的农业创业案例,运用扎根理论分析法,探究败后复兴过程中失败学习和创业能力演化规律。研究发现:①失败学习主要表现为归因学习、经验学习和迭代学习3种学习方式,能够作用于败后复兴过程中的创业能力形成;②创业能力主要包括机会能力、技术能力、市场能力及运营能力,对败后复兴起推动作用;③在败后复兴的3个具体阶段,失败学习通过填补知识空白、经验知识内化和知识体系革新3个关键机制与创业能力互动,能够有效促进创业能力演化,在败后复兴过程中起决定性作用。

In recent years,under the guidance of the national strategy of rural revitalization and high-quality agricultural development,China has accelerated the pace of agricultural entrepreneurship.From the perspective of macro policy,the national policy focuses on and supports rural entrepreneurs.From the perspective of meso level,all localities have stepped up the construction of entrepreneurship carriers.From the micro individual level,the data released by the ministry of agriculture and rural areas show that in 2018,2019 and 2020,the cumulative number of returned entrepreneurs and innovators in China reached 7.8 million,8.5 million and 10.1 million respectively,and the scale continues to expand.However,due to the long cycle of agricultural venture capital,high risk and lack of professional knowledge,the problem of high failure rate of agricultural entrepreneurship has arisen.This dampens the entrepreneurs'enthusiasm to start a business,undermines entrepreneurs'self-worth and hinders the sustained development of rural revitalization in China.Therefore,it is worth studying how to revive agricultural entrepreneurship after failures.The academic research on agricultural entrepreneurship mainly focuses on industrial cognition,entrepreneurial opportunities,resource integration,and pays less attention to the failure of entrepreneurship.The existing research on the failure of agricultural entrepreneurship pays more attention to the impact of entrepreneurial failure on the performance of re-entrepreneurship,but fails to clearly outline the complex process of agricultural entrepreneurship from failure to revival.In the broader field of entrepreneurial research,failure learning has been widely introduced into the study of entrepreneurial failure,but it ignores the impact of multi-dimensional characteristics of failure learning,and does not point out that the key to achieve entrepreneurial revival is the multiple entrepreneurial capabilities acquired through failure learning.Therefore,from a more dynamic and comprehensive perspective,it is necessary to make an in-depth analysis of the revival process after the failure of agricultural entrepreneurship.In view of this,this study focuses on the following three questions.Firstly,what are the specific ways of failure learning in the process of revival?Secondly,in the process of revival,what is the law of the evolution of entrepreneurial ability?Thirdly,through what mechanisms do failure learning affect the evolution of entrepreneurial competence?How should we do to achieve the revival of entrepreneurship?This study selects the case of agricultural entrepreneurship reported by CCTV's“Getting Rich”Programme as the research object,adopts the grounded theory analysis method to construct the theory,refines and deduces the evolution law of failure learning and entrepreneurship ability in the process of failure revival,and expands the applicable boundary of failure learning and entrepreneurship ability.It also contributes to guiding the practice of agricultural entrepreneurship,promoting the high-quality development of agriculture and rural revitalization in China.Compared with the existing studies,the possible contributions of this study are as follows.Firstly,from a dynamic perspective,this study outlines the complex process of agricultural recovery after failure,expands the field of agricultural entrepreneurship research,and enriches the research results of entrepreneurial failure in the special context of agricultural entrepreneurship.Secondly,this paper finds that entrepreneurs will learn from failure with different contents,and failure learning has the characteristics of stage evolution.This paper promotes the research of failure learning;in addition,because failure learning is a typical way of entrepreneurial learning,this paper also contributes to the study of entrepreneurial learning.Thirdly,the interaction mechanism between failure learning and entrepreneurial competence is deeply explored,and the co-evolution process model between them is constructed,which deepens the research on the theme of entrepreneurial competence.Based on the specific entrepreneurial context of agricultural entrepreneurial failure,this paper reveals the knowledge evolution mechanism of the formation and evolution of entrepreneurial capability driven by failure learning,clarifies how entrepreneurial capability is formed,and contributes to the study of entrepreneurial capability.