农村失能老人居家健康管理需求现状及影响因素分析

Analysis of the Status and Influencing Factors of the Needs of Home-Based Health Management of the Disabled Rural Elderly

目的了解农村失能老人居家健康管理需求现状,并分析其影响因素,为采取针对性干预措施提供参考依据。方法整群抽样法,采用自行设计的《农村失能老人居家健康管理需求问卷》,对河南省某乡镇农村社区居家养老的213名失能老人进行问卷调查。结果:农村失能老人居家健康管理需求总得分为(122.65±7.95)分,平均得分为(3.96±0.26)分,处于较高水平,其中各维度平均得分为:健康档案(4.34±0.36),身体评估(3.77±0.45),心理健康(3.81±0.56),医疗环境(4.47±0.54),健康知识(3.99±0.30),智慧养老(4.26±0.63),死亡教育(2.16±0.70),多元回归结果显示,月均医疗费用,失能时长,疾病感知,居住情况,慢性病种类,失能程度是影响农村失能老人居家健康管理需求的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论农村失能老人居家健康管理需求较大,尤其在医疗环境、健康档案及智慧养老方面,可通过促进医疗资源下沉,完善失能老人签约服务包、定期为老人进行体检并构建远程健康管理平台等方式满足其健康管理需求。

Objective To understand the status of home-based health management needs of the disabled rural elderly,analyze its influencing factors,and provide references for targeted intervention measures.Methods 213 disabled elderly were chosen from rural communities of a township in Henan Province by cluster sampling method,and surveyed with self-made questionnaire.Results The total score of needs of home-based health management of rural disabled elderly was 122.65±7.95,with an average score of 3.96±0.26,which was at a high level.The average score of each dimension was 4.34±0.36(health records),3.77±0.45(physical assessment),3.81±0.56(mental health),4.47±0.54(medical environment),3.99±0.30(health knowledge),4.26±0.63(intelligent pension),and 2.16±0.70(death education),respectively.Multiple regression results showed that average monthly medical expenses,disability duration,disease perception,living conditions,chronic disease types and disability degree were the influencing factors of home-based health management needs of rural disabled elderly(P<0.05).Conclusion The home-based health management needs of the disabled elderly in rural areas were great,especially in medical environment,health records and intelligent pension,which can be met by promoting the sinking of medical resources,improving the contracted service package of the disabled elderly,regularly conducting physical examination for the elderly,and developing a remote health management platform.