全行业公私合营后私方放弃定息问题研究(1956—1966)——以杭州市公私合营企业为例

Research on the Abandonment of Fixed Interest by Private Owners after the Joint State-private Ownership in the Whole Industry(1956-1966)——A Case Study of Hangzhou Enterprises under Joint State-private

1956至1966年定息发放期间,私方人员对待定息的态度是矛盾复杂的。在1956年定息开始发放时就已存在私方放弃领息的现象;1957年后,动员放弃、集体放弃和“主动”放弃定息的现象愈发突出,同时在政治运动和物价上涨的情况下,私方出现了放弃定息又重新领取的反复行为;1962年后定息的取消被提上了日程,不同阶层的私方对是否到期取消定息也有不同的考虑。从整个过程来看,政治形势的变化会带来私方放弃定息的高峰与低谷,成分转变的诉求、私方的家庭经济情况、公方的宣传教育和私方家属的劝导是影响私方放弃定息的重要因素,并且不同的因素在不同阶段、不同的私方人员中所起的作用不同。其中成分转变是私方放弃定息的核心诉求,而政策的变动和私方家庭经济情况的变化会带来私方人员在要求放弃定息和重新领取之间的反复。

During the period of fixed interest from 1956 to 1966,the attitude of private owners towards fixed interest was contradictory and complicated.In 1956,when the fixed interest began to be issued,the phenomenon of private owners giving up fixed interest had already existed;after 1957,under the influence of The Rectification and Anti-Rightist Movement,the phenomenon of mobilization abandonment,collective abandonment and“being”voluntarily abandoning the fixed interest became more and more prominent.Under the circumstances of political pressure and rising prices,some private owners first gave up the fixed interest and then reclaimed it;after 1962,the cancellation of the fixed interest was put on the agenda,and the private owners of different classes had different considerations on whether to cancel the fixed interest when it expired.In the whole process,the change of political situation would result in the fluctuations of the private owners giving up fixed interest.The demands of political composition change,private family economic situation,national publicity and education,and the persuasion of private family members were important factors affecting the private owners to giving up fixed interest,and different factors would play different roles in different stages and different private personnel.Among them,the change of political composition was the core demand of private owners to give up fixed interest,and the change of policy and the change of private family economic situation would lead to the repetition of private personnel between giving up fixed interest and receiving it again.