不同C/N条件下菌酶制剂对牛粪堆肥中细菌多样性的影响

Effect of Probiotics and Enzyme Preparation on Bacterial Diversity in Cow Manure Compost under Different C/N Conditions

本研究以牛粪和小麦秸秆为堆肥材料,设置C/N为25/1、30/1、35/1处理组,通过添加外源菌剂(枯草芽孢杆菌+黑曲霉菌+细黄链霉菌)和酶制剂(纤维素酶+蛋白酶)进行牛粪堆肥进程中细菌多样性的影响研究。结果表明:本研究各试验组细菌多样性随不同的堆肥进程呈现高-低-高的趋势。堆肥初期,各组优势细菌门均为放线菌门,添加菌酶制剂组的放线菌门丰度大于无添加组。高温期时,各组优势菌门均为厚壁菌门,但各组之间的丰度变化不一致。堆肥结束时,除C2组(C/N=25/1、只添加菌剂)外,其他组优势菌群均又演替为放线菌门。各组细菌纲水平的演替在堆肥初始期、高温期及结束期呈现放线菌纲-芽孢菌纲-放线菌纲的变化规律。属水平结果显示,在堆肥初期,各组优势菌属均为棒杆菌属。在高温期除了C7组(C/N=35/1、无添加)、C8组(C/N=35/1、只添加菌剂)的第一优势菌群仍为棒杆菌属外,其他处理组优势菌群演替为芽孢杆菌属和高温双岐菌属。堆肥结束时优势细菌多样性增加,转变成嗜盐单胞菌属、特吕珀菌属、乔治菌属、芽孢杆菌属、高温双岐菌属。

In this study,cow manure and wheat straw were used as composting materials,and treatment groups with C/N of 25/1,30/1,and 35/1 were set.The effect of bacterial diversity in the composting process of cow manure was studied by adding exogenous microbial agents(Bacillus subtilis+Aspergillus niger+Streptomyces microflavus)and enzyme preparation(cellulase+protease).The results showed that the bacterial diversity of the experimental groups in this study showed a high-low-high trend with different composting processes.At the beginning of composting,the dominant bacterial phylum in all groups was Actinobacteria,and the abundance of Actinobacteria in the group with added probiotics and enzyme preparation was greater than that in the group without addition.During the high-temperature period,the dominant phylum in all groups was the Firmicutes,but the abundance varied inconsistently among the groups.At the end of composting,the dominant bacterial community in each group was successively transformed into Actinobacteria,except the C2 group(C/N=25/1,only adding probiotics preparation).The succession of each group of bacterial phyla levels showed the changing pattern of Actinomycetes-Bacilli-Actinomycetes in the initial,high temperature,and end periods of composting.At the genus level,the results showed that at the beginning of the composting period,the dominant genus in all groups was Corynebacterium.In the high-temperature period,the dominant bacterial community of group C7(C/N=35/1,no additive group)and group C8(C/N=35/1,additive only)were still corynebacterium,but the dominant bacterial community in other treatment groups evolved to Bacillus and High-temperature Bifidobacterium.At the end of composting,the diversity of dominant bacteria increased,shifting to Halomonas,Truepera,Georgenia,Bacillus,and High-temperature Bifidobacterium.