机会结构与环境污染风险企业迁移——一个环境社会学的分析框架

Opportunity Structure and Migration of Enterprises at Risk of Environmental Pollution: An Analytical Framework of Environmental Sociology

本文基于对工业污染问题的长期观察及对我国东中部地区的案例分析,探索污染企业的迁移是在怎样的社会结构中实现的。研究发现,基于地区经济差距形成的发展急迫感差异、环境规制强度差异以及基于污染风险认知形成的社会容忍度差异成为形构企业迁移的外部机会集合的三重结构条件。从较长时段看,机会结构本身也处在演变中。在行动主体受制于外围社会结构的同时,企业、地方政府与民众的互动也在不断地重塑其外围结构。在地方发展差距依然存在的条件下,可健全环境规制、创新生态理念,致力于实现地区间共同富裕,促进生态增益。

Based on the long-term observation of industrial pollution and case studies in the eastcentral region of China, this paper explores the social structure in which polluting enterprises migrate. It is found that differences in development urgency based on regional economic disparities,differences in the intensity of environmental regulations, and differences in social tolerance based on pollution risk perceptions are the triple structural conditions that shape the set of external opportunities for enterprise migration. In the longer term, the opportunity structure itself is in a state of evolution. While the actors are constrained by the peripheral social structure, the interaction between enterprises, local governments and the public is constantly reshaping its peripheral structure. Under the conditions where local development gaps still exist, common prosperity and ecological gains are promoted through sound environmental regulations and innovative ecological concepts.