微波复合暴露对小鼠外周血免疫指标的影响研究

Effects of combined microwave exposure on the parameters of immune functions of peripheral blood in mice

目的 探索微波复合暴露对小鼠免疫功能的影响,为微波复合暴露对免疫功能损伤机制和防治靶点研究提供依据。方法 将30只SPF级雄性C57BL/6N小鼠随机分为假辐射组、低剂量复合组(比吸收率为3 W/kg)和高剂量复合组(比吸收率为15 W/kg)。采用X和S波段微波复合照射,于辐射后6 h和7 d,分别采集小鼠外周血,采用全自动血细胞计数仪检测外周血细胞计数,流式细胞仪分析小鼠外周血淋巴细胞亚群,酶联免疫吸附法检测血清免疫球蛋白IgG、Ig M和IgA浓度,多功能液相芯片分析平台检测小鼠血清细胞因子IL-2、IL-4和TNF-α浓度。结果 与假辐射组相比,辐射后6 h,低剂量和高剂量复合组白细胞(WBC)和淋巴细胞(LYMPH)计数显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01);外周血CD19+B淋巴细胞与CD3+T淋巴细胞比值显著增加(P <0.05),CD4+T淋巴细胞与CD8+T淋巴细胞比值均显著升高(P <0.01)。与假辐射组相比,辐射后6 h,低剂量复合组血清IgG、Ig M和IgA浓度均显著增加(P <0.01或P <0.05),高剂量复合组血清IgG和IgM浓度明显增加(P <0.01或P <0.05);辐射后7d,低剂量和高剂量复合组血清IgA浓度均显著降低(P<0.01)。辐射后6h,低剂量和高剂量复合组血清IL-2、IL-4和TNF-α浓度显著下降(P <0.05或P <0.01);辐射后7 d,与假辐射组和低剂量复合组相比,高剂量复合组IL-2浓度显著下降(P <0.05或P <0.01)。结论 微波复合暴露可导致小鼠细胞免疫功能紊乱;体液免疫呈现先激活后抑制现象;辐射后6 h外周血LYMPH计数、血清IgG浓度、IL-2、IL-4和TNF-α浓度等指标改变与辐射剂量呈正相关。

Objective To explore the effects of combined microwave exposure on immune functions of mice, and to provide basis for further investigating the mechanisms underlying combined microwave exposure induced injuries and screening therapeutic targets.Methods Thirty male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into sham group, low dose compound group(specific absorption rate, SAR = 3 W/kg) and high dose compound group(SAR = 15 W/kg). The peripheral blood was collected at 6 h and 7 d after combined exposure microwave with X-band and S-band. The peripheral hemogram was analyzed by an automatic blood cell counter and the subtypes of lymphocytes(LYMPH) were detected by flow cytometry. The concentration of IgG, IgM and IgA in serum were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The level of cytokines in serum, including IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α was measured by multifunctional liquid phase chip analysis platform.Results Compared to sham group, the count of white blood cells(WBC) and LYMPH were increased at 6 h after exposure(P <0.05 or P < 0.01), the ratio of CD19+ B cells and CD3+T cells obviously increased at 6 h after exposure both in high and low dose groups exposed to combined microwave(P < 0.05). And the ratio of CD4+T cell to CD8+ T cell increased significantly(P < 0.01).The concentrations of IgG, IgM and IgA in serum of low dose group were up-regulated(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) compared to sham group at 6 h after exposure, and the concentrations of IgG, IgM of high dose group were up-regulated as well. The IgA level in serum of low and high dose group were reduced(P < 0.01) at 7 d after exposure. The cytokines, interleukin-2(IL-2), IL-4 and tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum of low and high dose groups were down-regulated(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at 6 h after exposure compared to sham group. Moreover, compared to sham and low dose group, the concentration of IL-2 in high dose group was decreased significantly(P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) at 7 d after exposure.Conclusion Combined microwave exposure could lead to the imbalance of immune cells, and the humoral immunity is initially activated and then quickly suppressed. Our data suggested that the combined microwave inducing injuries on immune cells are positively correlated with exposure dosage on the parameters of LYMPH, IgG, IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α at 6 h after exposure.