等离子球磨技术在材料制备中的应用

Applications of Plasma Milling in Materials Preparation

具有大规模量产潜力的高能球磨技术自诞生以来,引起了人们极大的兴趣。但是,传统的高能球磨依靠单一的机械能输入,存在效率低、能耗高、粉末污染等问题。在球磨过程中引入其他能量场实现的外场辅助球磨对解决上述问题具有重要意义。与传统高能球磨相比,外场辅助球磨具有两大应用优势:(1)球磨时间明显缩短;(2)可以合成特殊化合物。目前常用的外能量场包括超声波、磁场、温度场、电场和等离子体。利用介质阻挡放电,将大面积的冷场等离子体引入球磨过程所发展的等离子球磨技术可以实现球磨效率、球磨产能和工艺可控性三方面的提升。当前等离子球磨技术应用已涉及诸多材料体系,但是由于冷场等离子体的复杂性和非热平衡特性,等离子体、等离子体-机械力耦合对材料合金化特点和反应机制的影响仍是重点研究内容。近年来,研究人员针对不同的材料体系发挥等离子球磨效能的工作取得了一定的进展。本文主要介绍等离子球磨技术的基本原理、特点及其在多种材料制备中的应用,重点分析等离子球磨所制备的材料的特殊结构、优异性能及其组织结构形成机制。针对当前的研究进展,本文还总结了等离子球磨技术的发展前景和面临的挑战,旨在为等离子球磨制备高性能材料提供参考。

High-energy ball milling technology with large-scale production potential has attracted great interest of researchers since its birth.However,the monolithic mechanical energy acts as input in the conventional ball milling process,which has some problems such as low efficiency,high energy consumption and powder contamination.In order to solve the above problems,it is of great significance to introduce external energy fields into ball milling process.In comparison with the conventional ball milling,external field-assisted ball milling has two advantages:(ⅰ)the milling time is significantly shortened;(ⅱ)special compounds can be synthesized.At present,the commonly used external energy fields including ultrasonic,magnetic,temperature,electric and plasma were introduced into ball milling.Among them,plasma milling technology has been developed by introducing large area of dielectric barrier discharge plasma into milling process,which achieved the improvement of milling efficiency,milling capacity and process controllability.Many material systems have been involved in the application of plasma milling technology.However,due to the complexity and non-thermal equilibrium characteristics of cold plasma,the influence of plasma and coupling of plasma and mechanical force on the alloying characteristics and reaction mechanism of materials is still the key research content.In recent years,researchers have made great progress in fabricating different material systems through plasma milling.The basic principle and characteristics of plasma milling and its applications in the preparation of various materials have been briefly introduced,and the special structure,excellent performance and corresponding formation mechanism of materials prepared by plasma milling are described.In view of the current research progress,the development prospects and challenges of plasma milling technology are also summarized,aiming to provide a reference for fabricating the high-performance materials by plasma milling.