抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎的研究进展

The research progress of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis

随着神经免疫学近十几年来的蓬勃发展,自身免疫性脑炎已经成为神经系统常见病,其中以抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体(NMDAR)脑炎最为常见,许多不明原因的癫痫发作、精神行为异常、认知功能障碍等陆续被报道与其相关。抗NMDAR脑炎临床症状并无特异性,常规CSF、头颅MRI检查等均无特征性的异常。虽然目前抗NMDAR脑炎的诊治已趋于成熟,但仍有许多未解之谜和需进一步探索的地方。本文着重对抗NMDAR脑炎的致病机制、临床表现及治疗进展进行综述。

With the rapid development of neuroimmunology in recent decades,autoimmune encephalitis has become a common disease of nervous system,among which anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor(NMDAR)encephalitis is the most common,and many unexplained epileptic seizures,mental behavior abnormalities,cognitive dysfunction and other related diseases have been reported related to it.There are no specific clinical symptoms,and CSF and head MRI examination show no characteristic abnormalities.Although the diagnosis and treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis have become mature,there are still many mysteries and need to be further explored.This review focuses on the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations and treatment of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.