发展性协调障碍儿童的认知加工与神经机制

Cognitive processing and neural mechanisms in children with developmental coordination disorder

发展性协调障碍是一种特殊的动作学习困难,其主要特征为动作协调存在明显缺陷。已有证据显示,早期精细动作技能发育与脑认知发育进程存在时间和空间的重合,认知与神经加工缺陷可能是发展性协调障碍的深层原因。探讨发展性协调障碍的认知加工和神经机制有助于理解儿童的动作发展与认知发展之间的关系。本文在梳理发展性协调障碍认知加工研究的基础上,总结归纳了发展性协调障碍认知加工缺陷的理论假说及神经机制研究进展。未来研究应关注研究方法的改进,如被试选取标准的统一,低智商和注意缺陷多动症的排除等问题;在神经机制研究方面,改变以往研究手段单一所造成的解释困难;在研究内容方面,需要在整合心理学、脑科学和认知神经科学研究成果的基础上,进一步系统探讨发展性协调障碍的认知与神经机制,以有效揭示儿童的动作发展与认知神经机制发展的内在关联。

Developmental coordination disorder is a kind of special movement learning difficulty.Evidence has shown that the early development of fine motor skills and the cognitive development of the brain overlap in time and space.Cognitive and neural processing defects may be the underlying cause of developmental coordination disorders.To explore the cognitive processing and neural mechanism of developmental coordination disorder is helpful to understand the relationship between motor development and cognitive development in children.Based on the research of cognitive processing of developmental coordination disorder,this paper summarized the theoretical hypothesis and research progress of neural mechanism of cognitive processing defects of developmental coordination disorder.Future research should focus on the improvement of research methods,such as the uniform selection of subjects,the exclusion of low IQ and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.In the aspect of neural mechanism,the difficulty of explanation caused by the single research method is changed.In terms of research content,it is necessary to integrate the research results of psychology,brain science and cognitive neuroscience,and further systematically explore the cognitive and neural mechanisms of developmental coordination disorder,so as to effectively reveal the internal relationship between children's motor development and cognitive neural mechanism development.