卫生健康监督领域医疗机构信用评价规则探讨

Discussion on Rules of Credit Evaluation for Medical Institutions in the Field of Health Supervision

卫生健康领域医疗机构信用评价方法主要有两种模式:记分式和条件式。基于违法信息的医疗机构信用评价规则以对卫生行政处罚信息的分类、分级、量化为基础与核心,同时将其他行政部门共享的失信信息、严重失信主体名单信息、依法执业自查信息、增信信息逐步纳入评价模型。依法执业自查信息和增信信息并不直接影响信用评价等级,作用机制依法执业状况异常则限制性评价为A级,对有增信信息的医疗机构给予事前事中容缺受理、告知承诺、减少监管频次等激励措施。法律依据的缺位造成无论从理论还是实践上对信用监管的认识与理解都存在较大的偏差,呼吁社会信用基本法、专门的信用监督管理立法早日出台,以构建高度体系化、法治化的信用监管机制,为医疗机构信用监管提供重要的法律运行基础。医疗机构信用评价有赖于卫生监督执法各类数据的有效产生与衔接,内部的协作机制完善,信息化、结构化、标准化的数据生产系统是开展信用监管的基础保障。

There are two main methods of credit evaluation for medical institutions in the field of health care:scoring and conditional.The rules of credit evaluation for medical institutions are based on the classification and quantification of illegal information,especially health administrative punishment information.At the same time,four kinds of dishonest information are gradually included in the evaluation model as well,namely the dishonest information shared by other administrative departments,the list information of serious dishonest subjects,the law-based self-examination information of practice and the credit enhancement information.The self-examination information and law-based credit enhancement information of practice do not directly affect the credit evaluation grade.If the practice is abnormal,the medical institutions couldn’t be evaluated as Grade A.On the other hand,the medical institutions with credit enhancement information shall be given incentives such as deficient acceptance,notification and commitment strategy,and reduced frequency of supervision.The absence of legal basis causes great deviation in understanding of credit supervision both in theory and practice.It calls for the early introduction of the basic law of social credit and special credit management legislation,so as to build a highly systematic and legalized credit supervision mechanism and to provide an important legal operation basis for the credit supervision of medical institutions.The credit evaluation of medical institutions depends on the effective production and connection of various data of health supervision and law enforcement,the improvement of internal cooperation mechanism,and the information-based,structured and standardized data production system is the basic guarantee for credit supervision.