泾河流域水供给服务供需平衡的时空演变与服务流研究

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Flow of Water Provision Service Balance in Jinghe River Basin

研究生态系统服务从产生、传递到使用的全过程,分析区域生态系统服务供给与需求的平衡状况,对于制定区域可持续发展战略,实现区域生态系统管理和资源有效配置具有重要意义。本研究以泾河流域为研究区域,构建了水供给服务空间流动模型,基于SWAT模型、INVEST模型和ArcGIS等软件融合多源数据分析了2000-2015年泾河流域水供给服务供给与需求的时空分布格局、供需空间匹配特征;在此基础上从子流域尺度探索了水供给服务的流动规律(流转路径),明确了流域供给区与受益区的空间范围。结果表明:(1)2000-2015年泾河流域水资源供给量、需求量总体均呈增加趋势。(2)从县级尺度上看,2000-2015年泾河流域水资源供给服务供需平衡状况总体达标,但呈现出明显的城乡差异,各县中心城区的供需比较低,甚至出现供不应求的局面。(3)从流域尺度上看,2000-2015年泾河流域水资源供给与需求的空间匹配格局整体呈波动下降态势,2015年60%以上的子流域的供需比均呈现降低的态势,供给不足的面积占比较2000年增加了55.7%。(4)泾河流域水资源供给服务的供给区分布在流域上游,受益区分别为华亭县、崇信县、永寿县、淳化县、乾县、礼泉县、秦都区等中下游地区。

Quantifying the whole process of ecosystem services from generation through transfer to use,and analyzing the balance between the supply and demand of regional ecosystem services are of great significance for formulating regional sustainable development strategies,realizing regional ecosystem management,and effective resource allocation.Based on the SWAT model,InVEST model,ArcGIS,and other software,this study analyzed the supply-demand balance of water provision services in Jinghe River Basin,a typical region located in the Loess Plateau,using multi-source data.This research then analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution pattern and spatial matching characteristics of the supply and demand of water provision services in Jinghe River Basin from 2000 to 2015.On this basis,a spatial flow model of water provision service was constructed,the flow rules(flow paths)of the water provision service were explored at the subwatershed scale,and the spatial scope of the supply area and benefit area were depicted.The results show that:(1)Water resource supply and demand in the Jinghe River basin both showed increasing trends from 2000 to 2015.(2)The supply-demand balance of water resources was generally up to the standard,however,there were significant differences between urban and rural areas.The supply-demand balances of the central urban areas of each county were relatively low,and even exceeded the supply in the lower reaches of the Jingyang River,such as Gaoling County,Qindu District,and Jingyang County.In rural areas,due to the small population and industrial distribution,coupled with a better ecological environmental base,the supply-demand balance was relatively high,such as Pengyang County,Lingtai County,Huachi County,Huanxian County,Ningxian County,and Zhenyuan County.(3)From 2000 to 2015,the spatial matching pattern of supply and demand in the Jinghe River Basin showed a trend of decline with fluctuations.In 2015,the supply-demand ratios of more than 60%of the subwatersheds showed trends of decline,and the proportion of under-supply area increased by 55.7%in 2015 compared with that in 2000.(4)The supply areas of water provision service in Jinghe River Basin are distributed in the upper reaches of the basin,and the benefit areas are Huating County,Chongxin County,Yongshou County,Chunhua County,Ganxian County,Liquan County,Qindu District,and others in the middle and lower reaches.