翻译历史观视域下的典籍重译问题研究——以《道德经》在俄罗斯的翻译为例

A Study of Retranslation of Classics from Historical Perspective——Take the Translation of The Tao-te Ching in Russia as an Example

翻译历史观强调“翻译的历史性”和“文本的不确定性”,这一思想为多重阐释和多重翻译提供新的理论依据,中华文化典籍在域外的翻译与传播过程中,重译现象普遍存在,而与典籍重译实践之繁盛相比,对于典籍重译的相关研究却是相对滞后,本文以《道德经》在俄罗斯的翻译为经典个案,以翻译历史观为理论依据,从翻译具有的“现代性”“继承性”和“交叉性”出发论证典籍外译过程中重译本产生的必然性与必要性,以发展的、历史的眼光考察典籍外译中的重译问题,关注典籍外译的历史阶段性和文化交流的时效性,探讨重译应当遵循的原则标准以及重译对现如今中华文化走出去的意义等问题,为典籍外译提供新的研究视角,减少跨文化交际过程中的误译和误读。

The historical view of translation emphasizes the historicity of translation and the indeterminacy of text, which provides a new theoretical basis for multiple interpretations and multiple translations. Retranslation exists as a phenomenon during extra-territorial translation and dissemination of Chinese cultural classics. Compared with the booming practice of classics retranslation, relevant study on classics retranslation is left behind. The Tao-te Ching is the core philosophical classic of Taoism and an important part of world civilization. The Tao-te Ching and Taoist thought first came to Russia in the first half of the 19 th century, in which the Russian Orthodox Mission has played a very important role. This paper takes the translation of The Tao-te Ching in Russia as a classic case and the historical view of translation as a theoretical basis to demonstrate the inevitability and necessity of the retranslation of classics and focuses on the historical development of classics translation and the timeliness of cultural exchange from three aspects of translation: modernity, hereditability and intersectionality, exploring the issue of retranslation in the translation of classics in a historical and developing view. A review of diffierent versions of retranslation reveals the differences in philosophical understanding and translation strategies of those sinologists, and reflects the missing and compensation of cultural connotation as well as the philosophical significance of Chinese classical philosophy in the process of foreign dissemination. In order to provide a new research perspective for the translation of Chinese classics and reduce mis-translation and mis-reading during cross-cultural communication, this paper discusses the principles and standards to be followed in retranslation and the significance of retranslation for Chinese culture to go abroad and highlight the dissemination and understanding of Lao Tzu thought in Russia.