单位社区建成环境健康影响的要素评估与现状问题——以成都为例

The Current Situation and Assessment of Health Impact of the Built Environment in the Unit Communities:An Empirical Research of Chengdu

针对健康问题突出、环境亟待优化的老旧单位社区,综合考虑可测量的建成环境、建成环境的健康影响要素和单位社区建成环境,为老旧小区评估建成环境对居民健康的影响、更新改造工作提供研究依据,以及国家健康战略在基层的落实。选取土地利用、道路交通、空间设施和综合指数四个健康影响要素,以成都三个典型案例为实证,进行要素评估。研究发现在不同更新改造阶段,仍存在共通现状问题:(1)土地利用混合度较高,容积率较为适宜,建筑和人口密度较高;(2)公共交通覆盖率高,但道路网连接度低、绕路指数高;(3)公共设施配套较丰富,但普遍可达性和设施环境较差;(4)社区中心步行性较高,而社区整体可步行性较差。

Focusing on old unit communities with serious health problems and urgent environmental optimization,we comprehensively consider the measurable built environment,the health impact factors of the built environment,and the built environment of the unit community,so as to evaluate the impact of the built environment on residents’health and renovation work for old communities as well as to provide research basis and the implementation of the national health strategy at the grassroots level.Selecting four health impact factors of land use,road traffic,space facilities and comprehensive index,taking three typical cases in Chengdu as empirical evidence,we perform factor evaluation,we find that although they are in different stages of renewal,there are still common status issues.First,the degree of mixed land use is relatively high,same as the density of buildings and population,and the floor area ratio is suitable for living.Second,the coverage rate of public transportation is high,but the road network connection is low,and the detour index is high.Third,the supporting facilities of public facilities are relatively diverse,but both of the accessibility and environmental quality of the facilities are low.Fourth,the community center area is more walkable,while the community as a whole is less.