卡式微柱凝胶技术在血型鉴定及输血前红细胞不规则抗体检验中的作用

Role of Card Microcolumn Gel Technique in Blood Type Identification and Erythrocyte Irregular Antibody Test before Transfusion

目的分析卡式微柱凝胶技术在血型鉴定及输血前红细胞不规则抗体检验中的作用。方法选取2017年1月-2021年12月佳木斯市中医医院输血并送佳木斯市中心血站进行配血试验的200例患者为研究对象,均进行血型鉴定及输血前红细胞不规则抗体检验,以试管法检测为金标准,分别采用聚凝胺法和卡式微柱凝胶技术检验,比较两种检验方法血型鉴定准确率、红细胞不规则抗体检出率。结果200例输血患者经试管法检测显示正反定型符合率90.50%,正反正型不符合率9.50%;卡式微柱凝胶技术ABO、RhD血型鉴定准确率均高于聚凝胺法(P<0.05);卡式微柱凝胶技术检验不规则抗体阳性率高于聚凝胺法(P<0.05)。结论卡式微柱凝胶技术在血型鉴定中准确性较高,并且对输血前红细胞不规则抗体的检出率较高,加之规范性、标准化操作,可提高临床输血安全性,具有良好的应用价值。

Objective To analyze the role of card microcolumn gel technology in blood type identification and erythrocyte irregular antibody test before transfusion.Methods From January 2017 to December 2021,200 patients who received blood transfusion in Jiamusi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and sent them to Jiamusi Central Blood Station for blood matching test were selected as the research subjects.Blood type identification and irregular antibody test of red blood cells before blood transfusion were performed.The test tube method was used as the gold standard,and the polyamide method and card microcolumn gel technology were used to test respectively.The accuracy of blood type identification and the detection rate of irregular antibody of red blood cells were compared between the two methods.Results The test tube method of 200 blood transfusion patients showed that the coincidence rate of positive and negative stereotypes was 90.50%,and the coincidence rate of positive and negative stereotypes was 9.50%.The accuracy rate of ABO and RhD blood group identification by card microcolumn gel technology was higher than that by polyacrylamide method(P<0.05).The positive rate of irregular antibody detected by the card-type microcolumn gel technique was higher than that by the polyamide method(P<0.05).Conclusion The accuracy of card microcolumn gel technology in blood type identification is high,and the detection rate of irregular antibody of red blood cells before blood transfusion is high.Combined with normative and standardized operation,it can improve the safety of clinical blood transfusion and has good application value.