椎动脉与横突孔及低位脑神经的解剖学关系研究

Anatomical relationship between vertebral artery and transverse foramen and lower cranial nerves

目的通过观察并测量椎动脉与横突孔,椎动脉及小脑下后动脉与低位脑神经的相关数据,从解剖学角度探讨颈椎病与高血压的相关性。方法解剖成人尸体头颈部标本20例,观察椎动脉与横突孔之间的位置关系,椎动脉及小脑下后动脉与低位脑神经的位置关系,测量相关数据。结果椎动脉自C_(6)横突孔进入者有38条(95.00%),2条(5.00%)异常,自左侧C_(5)横突孔进入。椎动脉与Ⅺ、Ⅻ脑神经接触,与Ⅸ、Ⅹ脑神经不接触者左侧15例(75.00%),右侧13例(65.00%)。小脑下后动脉压扁径左侧平均(2.23±0.41)mm,右侧平均(2.09±0.37)mm,小脑下后动脉行程较为迂曲,与低位脑神经关系密切,但接触形式不固定。结论椎动脉横突段位置较为固定,多位于横突孔内侧,颈椎骨性结构与椎动脉密切接触,该结构变化易压迫椎动脉。椎动脉、小脑下后动脉多与低位脑神经接触,关系密切。

Objective To explore the correlation between cervical spondylosis and hypertension from the perspective of anatomy by observing and measuring the relevant data of vertebral artery and transverse foramen,vertebral artery,posterior inferior cerebellar artery and lower cranial nerves.Methods A total of 20 head and neck specimens from adult cadavers were dissected,and the positional relationship between vertebral artery and transverse foramen as well as the positional relationship between vertebral artery,posterior inferior cerebellar artery and lower cranial nerves were observed,and the relevant data were measured.Results A total of 38 vertebral arteries(95.00%)entered from the C_(6) transverse foramen,and 2 vertebral arteries(5.00%)were abnormal,which entered from the left C_(5) transverse foramen.The vertebral artery was in contact with theⅪandⅫcranial nerves,but not in contact with theⅨandⅩcranial nerves in 15 cases(75.00%)on the left side and 13 cases(65.00%)on the right side.The average flattening diameter of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery was(2.23±0.41)mm on the left side and(2.09±0.37)mm on the right side.The course of posterior inferior cerebellar artery was relatively tortuous and closely related to the lower cranial nerves,but the contact form was not fixed.Conclusion The transverse process segment of vertebral artery is relatively fixed,mostly located inside the transverse foramen.The bony structure of cervical vertebra is closely contact with the vertebral artery,which is easy to compress the vertebral artery.Vertebral artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery are mostly in contact with the lower cerebral nerves,which are closely related.