生物有机肥替代化肥对旱地玉米土壤养分和产量的影响

Effects of Bio-organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Nutrients and Yield of Maize in Dryland

试验于2018—2021年连续4 a在山西省临汾市浮山县通过定位监测生物有机肥替代化肥对旱地玉米土壤养分和产量的影响,设CK(不施肥)、NPK(单施化肥)、NPKDB(化肥减量20%+生物有机肥)和NPKHB(化肥减量30%+生物有机肥)4个处理,调查分析试验田土壤养分、土壤酶活性和玉米产量,旨在为有机替代、化肥减量提质增效实现旱地玉米稳产高产提供一定理论依据。结果表明,同一年份不同施肥处理对旱地玉米土壤养分和酶活性均有提高作用,其中,NPKHB处理效果最佳,与NPK处理相比,4 a内土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量平均分别提高了6.90%、24.65%、51.20%、5.47%;统计分析可知,土壤酶活性与养分含量呈显著相关性;产量调查结果不减略增;随着生物有机肥替代年份的增加,提高土壤养分含量和酶活性的效果也更加明显。因此,生物有机肥以一定比例替代部分化肥可以提高土壤养分含量和酶活性,在保证产量的同时减少对环境的污染,其是旱地玉米高效持续生产和发展绿色农业的一项重要措施。

In this study,from 2018 to 2021,in Fushan county,Linfen city,Shanxi province,the effects of bio-organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on soil nutrients and yield of maize in dryland were monitored by location for four consecutive years.Four treatments including CK(no fertilizer),NPK(chemical fertilizer alone),NPKDB(20%of reduction of chemical fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer)and NPKHB(30%of reduction of chemical fertilizer+bio-organic fertilizer)were set to investigate and analyze soil nutrients,soil enzyme activities and maize yield in the experimental field in order to provide theoretical basis for achieving stable yield and high yield of maize in dryland by organic fertilizer replacement,reduction of chemical fertilizer,and quality improvement and efficiency enhancement.The results showed that different fertilization treatments increased soil nutrients and enzyme activities of dryland maize in the same year,and NPKHB treatment had the best effect.Compared with the NPK treatment,the contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 4 years increased by 6.90%,24.65%,51.20%and 5.47%,respectively.Statistical analysis showed that soil enzyme activity was significantly correlated with nutrient content.The yield survey results increased slightly without decreasing.On the other hand,the effect of improving soil nutrient content and enzyme activity was obvious with the increase of replacement years of bio-organic fertilizer.Therefore,replacing part of chemical fertilizer with bio-organic fertilizer in a certain proportion could improve soil nutrient content and enzyme activity,ensure yield and reduce environmental pollution simultaneously,which was an important measure for efficient and sustainable maize production in dryland and development of green agriculture.