氮肥追施量及追施间隔对设施黄瓜生长的影响

Effects of Topdressing Amount and Topdressing Interval of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth of Facility Cucumber

为了解决目前生产中设施黄瓜施用有机肥后,生长后期肥效不足、化肥滥用的问题,试验以山西太谷象谷村黄瓜主栽品种密刺60为研究对象,在有机肥适宜施肥量确定的基础上,采用裂区试验,主区为追肥量,分低氮(0.18 t/hm^(2),A1)、中氮(0.31 t/hm^(2),A2)和高氮(0.44 t/hm^(2),A3)3个施肥水平;副区为追肥间隔,分间隔7 d追肥(B1)和间隔14 d追肥(B2)2个水平,共6个处理,对设施黄瓜的生长指标、光合指标、品质指标、产量指标进行测定。结果表明,追肥量(A)、追肥量与追肥间隔的交互作用(A×B)对设施黄瓜茎粗影响显著;中氮追肥水平(A2)下设施黄瓜长势较好。与其他追肥水平相比,中氮追肥水平(A2)下各处理设施黄瓜净光合速率显著提高6.20%~9.68%,A2B1、A2B2处理总叶绿素含量、叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量与类胡萝卜素含量均显著高于其他处理。中氮追肥水平(A2)设施黄瓜产量最高,为266.46 t/hm^(2),较低氮(A1)、高氮(A3)追肥水平显著提高9.75%~19.00%。随着施肥量的增加,设施黄瓜可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、Vc含量呈递减的变化趋势,硝酸盐含量随着施肥量的增加而增加。高氮追肥水平(A3)硝酸盐含量显著高于低氮(A1)、中氮(A2)追肥水平,与A1、A2水平相比,设施黄瓜硝酸盐含量增加11.67%~21.63%。在有机肥适宜施肥量确定的基础上适时适度追肥有利于设施黄瓜的生长,合理的追肥量和追肥间隔能有效促进设施黄瓜光合性能的提高,改善设施黄瓜品质,提高产量。结合评价设施黄瓜生长指标、光合指标、产量指标以及品质指标,推荐设施黄瓜追肥施氮量为0.31 t/hm^(2),追肥间隔为14 d/次。

In order to solve the problems of insufficient fertilizer efficiency in later growth and abuse of chemical fertilizers after the application of organic fertilizers on facility vegetables in the current production.In this experiment,the main cucumber variety Mici 60 in Xianggu village of Taigu county,Shanxi province was selected as the research object.Based on the determination of the suitable fertilization amount of organic fertilizer,the split plot experiment was carried out.The main area was the amount of topdressing.There were three fertilization levels:low(0.18 t/ha,A1),medium(0.31 t/ha,A2),and high(0.44 t/ha,A3).The Secondary zone was topdressing interval and divided into 2 levels of 7d topdressing(B1)and 14d topdressing(B2),with a total of 6 treatments.The growth index,photosynthetic index,quality index,and yield index of facility cucumber were determined.The result showed that the amount of topdressing(A)and the interaction between the amount of topdressing and topdressing interval(A×B)had a significant effect on the stem diameter of the facility cucumber.Under the medium nitrogen topdressing level(A2),the facility cucumber grew better.The low nitrogen interval of 14 d and the high nitrogen interval of 7 d were not as good as other treatments.The net photosynthetic rate of the facility cucumber under the medium nitrogen topdressing level(A2)was significantly higher than that of other topdressing levels by 6.20%-9.68%.The total chlorophyll contents,chlorophyll a contents,chlorophyll b contents,and carotenoid contents in A2B1 and A2B2 treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments.The yield of facility cucumber in the medium nitrogen topdressing level(A2)had the highest at 266.46 t/ha,and was significantly increased by 9.75%-19.00%compared with that of low nitrogen(A1)and high nitrogen(A3)topdressing levels.With the increase of fertilization amount,the soluble solid content,titratable acid content,and Vc content of facility cucumber showed a decreasing trend,and the nitrate content increased with the increase of fertilization amount.The nitrate content of high nitrogen(A3)topdressing was significantly higher than that of low nitrogen(A1)and medium nitrogen(A2)topdressing.Compared with A1 and A2,the nitrate content of facility cucumber increased by 11.67%-21.63%.Timely and moderate topdressing was beneficial to the growth of facility cucumber.A reasonable amount of topdressing and topdressing interval could effectively promote enhancement of the photosynthetic performance of facility cucumber,improve the quality of facility cucumbers,and increase the yield.Combined with the evaluation of growth index,photosynthetic index,quality index,and yield index,it was recommended that the topdressing amount of nitrogen in facility was 0.31 t/ha,and the topdressing interval was 14 d/time.