施用不同种类肥料对谷子产量与品质的影响

Effects of Application of Different Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Millet

为明确不同种类肥料对晋北地区谷子农艺性状、产量和品质的影响,解决长期施用化学肥料而导致的谷子产量不稳定、品质变劣等问题,选择谷子品种长杂2号为试验材料,设置复合肥、堆肥和微生物菌肥3个处理,研究不同种类肥料处理对谷子的农艺性状、产量以及籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,3种肥料中,微生物菌肥处理对株高的降低效果最为显著,株高为159.59 cm,较复合肥和堆肥分别显著降低了3.38%和5.68%;茎粗增粗和节长变短,进而提升了群体的抗倒伏能力;单穗质量、单穗粒质量、千粒质量和产量表现均最优,相较于复合肥和堆肥处理分别提升了29.52%、32.47%、12.55%、6.04%和13.39%、23.93%、12.10%、4.80%。堆肥处理对谷子籽粒品质的提升效果较为明显,其中堆肥处理下粗脂肪和总氨基酸含量达到最高,分别为2.7、10.68 g/100 g,显著高于复合肥和微生物菌肥处理。综上认为,在晋北地区施用微生物菌肥能够提升谷子的产量,而施用堆肥则能够改善谷子籽粒的营养品质和蒸煮品质。

In order to clarify the effects of different fertilizers on the agronomic traits,yield and quality of millet in North Shanxi province,and solve the problems of unstable yield and inferior quality of millet caused by long-term application of chemical fertilizers.In this study,millet variety Changza 2 was selected as the experimental material,and three experimental treatments including compound fertilizer,compost and microbial fertilizer were set up to study the effects of different fertilizer treatments on the agronomic traits,yield and grain quality of millet.The results showed that among the three fertilizers,microbial fertilizer treatment had the most significant reduction effect on plant height and plant height was 159.59 cm,which was significantly reduced by 3.38%and 5.68%compared with that of compound fertilizer and compost,respectively.Meanwhile,stem diameter was enhanced and node length was shortened,thus improving the lodging resistance of the population.The microbial fertilizer treatment had the best performance on the single spike weight,grain weight per spike,1000-grain weight,and yield.Compared with compound fertilizer and compost,the traits above increased by 29.52%,32.47%,12.55%,6.04%and 13.39%,23.93%,12.10%,4.80%,respectively.Composting treatment had an obvious improvement effect on grain quality,and the contents of crude fat and total amino acid in composting treatment were the highest,which were 2.7,10.68 g/100 g,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the compound fertilizer and the microbial fertilizer treatment.Based on the results of this study,it was concluded that application of microbial fertilizer could increase the yield of millet in North Shanxi province,while application of compost could improve the nutritional quality and cooking quality of millet grains.