土壤可溶性有机碳、氮的迁移淋溶规律研究进展

Research Progress on Migration and Leaching Law of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Nitrogen in Farmland

生态系统中碳、氮元素和其他营养元素的矿化、固持、淋溶和植物吸收均与可溶性有机碳(DOC)、可溶性有机氮(DON)有密切联系,DOC和DON在土壤物质循环和养分流动等动态过程中的作用越来越受到关注,已成为生态学、环境学、土壤学、水文学等研究领域的热点之一。分析土壤DOC和DON转移外流在土壤碳氮元素循环中的贡献,可为合理耕作施肥、促进农业可持续发展和生态环境保护提供理论依据。综述了国内外研究进展,包括DOC和DON的定义及分布含量,从季节、温度、湿度、pH值、耕作和种植制度、施肥等方面分析了土壤DOC和DON含量的影响因素,在阐述土壤DOC和DON迁移转化的基础上,分析土壤DOC和DON的淋失,并提出了土壤DOC和DON淋失的防控措施。综合国内外研究结果发现,土壤DOC和DON为组分复杂的可溶性有机混合物,在土壤中的移动性较强,可能会对周边环境产生影响,造成生态系统的碳氮亏缺并对周边水体的质量产生影响。为更深一步探索土壤DOC和DON的生物和化学属性,未来可开展全球气候变化影响DOC和DON的研究,并探究DOC和DON向深层土壤迁移以及二者之间的转化和淋溶。

The mineralization,fixation,leaching,and plant uptake of carbon,nitrogen,and other nutrients in ecosystem are closely related to dissolved organic carbon and dissolved organic nitrogen(DOC and DON).The role of DOC and DON in soil material cycling and nutrient flow has attracted more and more attention,and has become one of the hot spots in ecology,environmental science,soil science,hydrology and other research fields.Analysis of the contribution of soil DOC and DON transfer outflow to soil carbon and nitrogen cycling provides theoretical basis for fertilization for rational cultivation,promotion of sustainable development of agricultural,and protection of ecological environment.In this paper,the research progress at home and abroad,including the definition,distribution,and content of DOC and DON,were reviewed,and the influencing factors of soil DOC and DON contents were analyzed from the aspects of season,temperature,humidity,pH value,tillage and planting system,fertilization,etc.On the basis of explaining the migration and transformation of soil DOC and DON,the leaching loss of soil DOC and DON was analyzed.The prevention and control measures of soil DOC and DON leaching loss were put forward.Based on the domestic and foreign research results,it was found that soil DOC and DON were dissolved organic mixtures with complex components,which had strong mobility in soil and probably affected the surrounding environment,causing carbon and nitrogen deficit in the ecosystem and affecting the quality of surrounding water.In order to further explore the biological and chemical properties of soil DOC and DON,future research needs to be carried out from the effects of global climate change on DOC and DON.The migration of DOC and DON to deep soil and the transformation and leaching between DOC and DON will be investigated.