河南尉氏张氏镇壁画墓童永图考论——兼论墓葬图像史料的特点

Textual Research on the Mural Tomb of Tong Yong in Zhangshi Town,Weishi,Henan Province—And Characteristics of Historical Materials of Tomb Images

从“董”字字形演变过程来看,河南尉氏县张氏镇壁画墓所绘“童永”即二十四孝之“董永”。“童永”的“童”是东汉时期对“董”字古体的简化。从各历史时期董永图像的构成元素变化来看,该图像更符合元代董永图像的特点,结合墓葬形制和同出壁画可推断其时代为元代。该图像的独特价值在于它是目前所发现的唯一一幅直接表现卖身葬父情节的董永图像。图像史料虽有一定的局限性、滞后性,却是对文字史料不可缺少的补充,且更能反映出社会大众的真实心态和普遍趣味。

The evolution process of the Chinese character“董”proved that“Tong Yong”(童永)painted in the ancient mural tomb excavated in Zhangshi Town,Weishi County,Henan Province,is“Dong Yong”(董永),a character from the stories in The Twenty-Four Examples of Filial Piety(二十四孝).The writing“童”in“童永”is the simplification of ancient Chinese character“董”in the Eastern Han Dynasty.In reference to the change of constituent elements of Dong Yong’s image in various historical period,this painting is more in line with the characteristics of Dong Yong’s image in Yuan Dynasty,and considering the shape and structure of the tomb,and murals excavated from the same bomb,it can be inferred that it should have been created in Yuan Dynasty.This image is unique in value in that it is the only image that depicts the plot that Dong Yong sold himself into slavery to earn enough money to bury his father.Although the historical materials of tomb images are hysteric and have certain limitations,they are an indispensable supplement to the written historical materials,and can better reflect the real mentality and general interest of the public.