刘熙载词学批评方法论

Liu Xizai’s Methodology of Ci Poetry Criticism

刘熙载的词学批评是晚清词学批评史的重要一环,通过梳理与分析刘熙载在其词学批评当中运用的源流批评、比较批评、摘句批评等方法,可以发现刘熙载认为词源于风骚之体,可与古诗并称。他在比较词人与词作时多立足于共时与历时的联系上,通过类比或者对比的方式,细致、精准地把握词人、词作独具特点的审美特色。刘熙载的摘句批评多是借文本表达自身的词学审美理想以及词的独特审美特质,以此来呈现自己内心的词学审美范式。这些批评方法既相互联系又相互区别,以交叉互见的方式,多维度、立体化地为我们展示了词这一文学体裁的生成发展流变史。

Liu Xizai’s Ci poetry criticism is an important part of the history of Ci poetry criticism in the late Qing Dynasty.By reviewing and analyzing Liu Xizai’s methods of source criticism,comparative criticism and excerpt criticism,we can find that he believes that Ci poetry originates from coquettish style writings and can be called as ancient poetry.When comparing Ci poets and Ci poetry,he mostly based his discussion on the synchronic and diachronic connection,and carefully and accurately analyze the unique aesthetic characteristics of Ci poets and Ci poetry by analogy or comparison.Most of his excerpt criticism is to express his own poetic aesthetic ideal and unique aesthetic characteristics of Ci poetry of the quoted text,and to present his own poetic aesthetic paradigm.These critical methods are interrelated,cross referential and yet different from each other.They show the generation,development and evolution history of Ci poetry as a literary genre in a multi-dimensional way.