历史视域下磬制作工艺的变迁

Historical Changes of the Musical Instrument Qing

乐器工艺作为学科门类的时间虽然较短,但是在历史长河中它始终在先民们的实践中不断优化变迁。以磬为例,其制作工艺可以追溯到远古夏代,后历经商、西周,到春秋战国时期发展到顶峰,并在秦汉退出历史舞台。从历史脉络来看,磬的制作工艺从就地取材、形制不一逐步发展到形制统一的类五边形,并在此基础上,进一步优化提升,确立了明确的形制标准和精良的打磨技术;在外观上也实现了从素面到刻有精美纹饰的升级。究其原因,制作工艺的变迁,一方面依附于当代音乐的发展诉求,另一方面受当时社会的政治、经济、文化、科技等因素影响制约。

Although the history of musical instrument making technology as a discipline is short,it is always improving and changing in the practice of our ancestors.The craft of making Qing(chime stone),for example,can be traced back to the ancient Xia Dynasty,later it was developed constantly during the Shang and Zhou Dynasty,and reached its peak in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods,until it declined in the Qin and Han Dynasties.Historically,the making craft of Qing gradually developed from using local materials and being in different shapes and forms to being uniform pentagons,and then further improved by establishing standard about its shape and form and excellent grinding technology.In appearance,it was improved from being plain in appearance to being decorated with exquisite engravings.The development and change of Qing’s making craft on the one hand is demands of contemporary music for development,and on the other hand,is restricted by the political,economic,cultural,and technological factors of the society in the history.