Y染色体遗传标记的法医学应用及展望

Y-Chromosomal Genetic Markers:Forensic Application and Prospect

作为男性特有的性染色体,Y染色体因父系遗传的特征在法医物证鉴定中具有独特的应用价值。近年来,随着检测技术的发展和分析手段的研发,Y染色体上的多种遗传标记得到了进一步探索,例如应用于家系排查的Y染色体短串联重复序列(Y-chromosome short tandem repeat,Y-STR),突变率极低、具有男性谱系结构特征的Y染色体单核苷酸多态性(Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphism,Y-SNP),以及分型简便且适用于降解检材的插入/缺失多态性(insertion/deletion polymorphism,InDel)。Y染色体遗传标记在法医学家系排查、混合斑检测、群体分析以及人类迁徙等方面的研究进展显著。本文将从Y染色体遗传标记、检测方法及其在法医学领域的研究与应用进行综述,旨在为后期相关研究及实践提供参考。

Y chromosome,specific of male,is of unique application value in forensic identification about evidential materials relating to paternal inheritance.In recent years,the renewal and development of both detection technology and analysis methods have brought progressive researches and explorations into various Y-chromosomal genetic markers,e.g.,the Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats(Y-STR)being applied to pedigree screening,Y-chromosomal single nucleotide polymorphism(Y-SNP)intrinsic of extremely low mutation rate and male lineage structure,and the insertion/deletion polymorphism(InDel)that is convenient of typing and suitable for degraded sample.Thus,progresses of the Y chromosomal researches and developments have been made in aspects of pedigree investigation,mixed-stain detection,group analysis,human migration and the others alike.This article is to review the Y chromosomal genetic markers,their detection methods and applicable researches in forensic medicine,purposing to provide references for further related researches and practice.