现象学社会研究方法论——以舒茨为中心的探究

The Phenomenological Methodology of Social Research——An inquiry Centered on Alfred Schutz

现象学方法论对于社会研究具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。在理论上,现象学的“朝向事情本身”的原则以及有关描述、意向性分析、意义构成、主体间性和生活世界的研究方法,对社会研究具有指导意义。在实践上,现象学方法论足有成效地开辟了知识社会学、理解社会学、文化社会学、民族志等学科的研究领域。阿尔弗雷德·舒茨在他的“社会世界的现象学”等著作中奠定了现象学社会理论的研究基础。本文以舒茨为中心,考察现象学社会研究方法论的来龙去脉,阐明现象学方法应用于社会研究的主要路径和评价其思想史意义。

Phenomenological methodology has important theoretical and practical significance for social research.In theory,the phenomenological principle of“toward to the thing itself”and the research methods related to description,intentionality analysis,meaning constitution,intersubjectivity and life-world are of guiding significance to social studies.In practice,phenomenological methodology has effectively opened up the research fields of sociology of knowledge,sociology of understanding,sociology of culture,ethnography and so on.Alfred Schutz laid the foundation of phenomenological social theory in his works such as The Phenomenology of the Social World.This paper,with Schutz as the center,explores the origin and development of phenomenological social research methodology,clarifies the main approaches of phenomenological method applied to social studies and evaluates its significance in the history of thought.