单样本随机对照试验:精准营养研究的新利器

A new approach for precision nutrition research:N-of-1 trials

整合个体、环境因素,在个体水平上实现疾病的风险预测和防治是精准医学的核心,也是精准营养发展的方向。但因理论基础和研究方法相对不足,精准营养或者说个性化营养的发展相对缓慢。单样本随机对照试验(N-of-1 trial)是一种以单个个体自身作为对照,评价比较一种干预与另一种干预的疗效,对单个个体进行随机、双盲、多次交叉的试验,具有一级证据等级。在区分受试者对不同膳食结构、营养素或营养素补充剂的个体反应中,N-of-1试验或能发挥关键作用,为个体选取更优的饮食营养策略,在精准营养研究中极具方法学价值和应用潜力。

Integrating individual and environmental factors to achieve risk prediction and prevention of diseases at the individual level is the core of precision medicine and the direction of precision nutrition development.However,due to the lack of theoretical basis and research methods,the development of precision nutrition or personalized nutrition is relatively slow.N-of-1 trial is a randomized,double-blind,multiple-crossover trial that uses a single individual as a control to evaluate the efficacy of one intervention compared with another intervention,and it has a first-level evidence level.N-of-1 trials may play a key role in distinguishing subjects individual responses to different dietary structures,nutrients or nutrient supplements,and select better dietary nutrition strategies for individuals,which is extremely important in precision nutrition research,and has methodological value and application potential.