承德围场御道口牧场2021年草原监测与分析

Monitoring report of grassland resource in Yudaokou pasture in Weichang County in 2021

御道口牧场位于河北省承德市坝上地区,具有丰富的草原资源,草原总面积达3.69万hm2。草原资源是当地群众最重要的生产资料,并发挥重要的环境保护功能,其质量的优劣也直接影响到京津地区生态安全和地方农牧业的发展。该研究在御道口牧场设置20个草原样地,每个样地设置3个样方,通过人工实地调查对御道口牧场草原资源按照返青期、盛期、枯黄期和雪情期4个阶段开展定点监测,首次实现该区域全年定点监测。监测结果如下:(1)监测区内草原返青时间较晚,于6月初达到普遍返青。(2)监测区20个样地均出现了不同程度的退化,表现为:植被的高度、盖度、产量下降,植被多样性降低,出现退化指示植物,存在鼠害。(3)2021年降雨量和降雪量均高于前两年,监测区枯黄期较晚,于9月底达到普遍枯黄。(4)样地土壤pH介于5.6~7.39,氮磷钾的含量差别较大,在开展草原修复工作时可根据土壤成分的不同有针对性的施肥将更有利于植被的生长。

Yudaokou pasture was located on the plateau of Chengde,Hebei Province.Yudaokou pasture was rich in grassland resource.The grassland covered a total area of 36,900hm2.Grassland resource was the most important means of production for local people.The quality of grassland resource directly affectted the development of ecological security and local husbandry in Beijing and Tianjin.In this project,we chose 20 grassland sample plots,and set 3 quadrats in each sample plot.By means of field investigation,we monitored the fixed-point grassland sample plots at all seasons.Year-round site monitoring had been achieved in the region for the first time.The monitoring results as follow:(1)The grasslands in the monitoring area reached widespread greening at the beginning of June.(2)20 grassland sample plots appeared grassland degradation in different degree.This was reflected in the decrease of vegetation height,coverage,yield and vegetation diversity.There also appeared degraded indicator plants and rodent infestation.(3)Both rainfall and snowfall in 2021 were higher than in the previous two years.The yellowing stage in the monitoring area was relatively late,reaching universal yellowing at the end of September.(4)In most areas,the soil in Yudaokou pasture was weakly acidic and suitable for vegetation growth.The soil content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were varied greatly,so targeted fertilization according to different soil components would be more conducive to the growth of vegetation.