新业态从业人员职业伤害保障体系构建研究

Research on the Construction of Occupational Injury Protection System for Employees in New Business Forms

我国数字经济、平台经济等新业态发展迅猛,吸纳了大量的新业态从业人员,对稳定就业起到了重要作用。新业态从业人员集中于外卖配送、快递等劳动密集型行业,职业伤害风险较高。由于新业态平台企业普遍采取人力资源弹性管理和灵活用工模式,新业态从业人员与平台企业之间的雇佣关系呈现弱化状态,致使其很难进入与劳动关系紧密捆绑的工伤保险制度的覆盖范围。我国政府已明确提出将建立新业态从业人员职业伤害保障制度,制度构建的前提应该是明确平台企业和新业态从业人员之间存在新型雇佣关系,职业伤害保障制度设计应以“职业伤害风险防控—强制性伤害保险配置—保险服务—审慎监管”为内在逻辑主线,通过多主体参与互动,构建多维的新业态从业人员职业伤害保障体系。

China′s digital economy,platform economy and other new formats are developing rapidly,attracting a large number of new format employees,which has played an important role in stabilizing employment.Employees in the new business are concentrated in labor-intensive industries such as takeout distribution and express delivery,which have a high risk of occupational injury.Due to the flexible management of human resources and flexible employment mode widely adopted by platform enterprises of new formats,the employment relationship between employees of new formats and platform enterprises is weakened,which makes it difficult for them to enter the coverage of the industrial injury insurance system closely bound with labor relations.The Chinese government has clearly proposed to establish an occupational injury protection system for employees of new formats.The premise of system construction should be to clarify that there is a new employment relationship between platform enterprises and employees of new formats.The design of occupational injury protection system should take"occupational injury risk prevention and control-mandatory injury insurance allocation-insurance services-prudential supervision"as the internal logic main line,through multi-agent participation and interaction to build a multidimensional occupational injury protection system for employees in new business forms.