Fruit availability, frugivore satiation and seed removal in 2 primate-dispersed tree species

During a mast-fruiting event we investigated spatial variability in fruit availability,consumption,and seed removal at two sympatric tree species,Manilkara bidentata and M.huberi(Sapotaceae)at Nouragues Natural Reserve,French Guiana.We addressed the question of how Manilkara density and fruits at the community level might be major causes of variability in feeding assemblages between tree species.We thus explored how the frugivore assemblages differed between forest patches with contrasting relative Manilkara density and fruiting context.During the daytime,Alouatta seniculus was more often observed in M.huberi crowns at Petit Plateau(PP)with the greatest density of Manilkara spp.and the lowest fruit diversity and availability,whereas Cebus apella and Saguinus midas were more often observed in M.bidentata crowns at both Grand Plateau(GP),with a lowest density of M.bidentata and overall greater fruit supply,and PP.Overall,nearly 53%and 15%of the M.bidentata seed crop at GP and PP,respectively,and about 47%of the M.huberi seed crop were removed,otherwise either spit out or defecated beneath trees,or dropped in fruits.Small-bodied primates concentrated fallen seeds beneath parent trees while large-bodied primate species removed and dispersed more seeds away from parents.However,among the latter,satiated A.seniculus wasted seeds under conspecific trees at PP.Variations in feeding assemblages,seed removal rates and fates possibly reflected interactions with extra-generic fruit species at the community level,according to feeding choice,habitat preferences and ranging patterns of primate species.