我国人象冲突演变历程的回顾与展望

Evolution Process of Human-Elephant Conflict in China:Retrospect and Prospect

人象冲突是社会系统与生态系统失衡发展的一种缩影,威胁着农户的粮食安全、财产安全和生命安全,制约了生物多样性保护工作长效机制的建立。从人象冲突历史演进角度出发,将1949年以来的人象冲突分为人象相敬、人进象退和人象相持3个阶段,演变过程中存在缺乏社区自治机制的缓冲阀、缺乏社会整合机制的平衡阀和缺乏社会沟通机制的调压阀,进而加剧了人象冲突程度。据此,提出完善应急管理体系、倡导社会资本介入和构建社区共管建议,以期早日实现人象和谐共生的美好愿景。

Human-elephant conflict is an epitome of unbalanced development of social systems and ecosystems,threatening farmers food security,property security and life security,and restricting the establishment of a long-term mechanism for biodiversity conservation.From the perspective of the historical evolution of human-elephant conflict,the human-elephant conflict can be divided into three stages since the founding of the People s Republic of China in 1949:human-like respect,human-like retreat,and human-like stalemate.In the process of evolution,there are buffer valves lacking community self-governance mechanisms,balance valves lacking social integration mechanisms,and pressure regulating valves lacking social communication mechanisms,which further aggravate the degree of human-elephant conflict.Based on this,three suggestions are put forward to improve the emergency management system,advocate the involvement of social capital,and build community co-management,in order to realize the beautiful vision of harmonious coexistence of humans and elephants in near future.