商业数据作为知识产权客体的考察与保护

Protection and Observation of Commercial Data as the Subject Matter of Intellectual Property Right

数字化背景下数据交易蓬勃发展,有关数据界权与保护的议题被学界和实务界广为关注。目前法学界对商业数据保护提出的进路大致有“商业数据财产权论”“商业数据控制论”“商业数据权论”三种观点。上述三种选择都有其利弊并存在保护困境。从商业数据的本体论而言,商业数据是兼具多种知识产权客体属性的“复合体”,难以用传统某一知识产权单行法对其加以规制,从知识产权维度出发,应以商业秘密、著作权法以及反不正当竞争法循序渐进,协同治理,即“三步走”保护。如此,既可以在尊重现行法稳定性的前提下解决实践问题,又可以兼顾现有商业模式的实际,从而促进商业数据的交易与保护,激励创新,推动我国数字经济的稳定发展。

In the context of digitalization,data transactions are booming,and issues related to the rights and protection of data boundaries have been widely concerned by academic and practical circles.At present,there are generally three views on the proposed models for data protection:"commercial data property right theory","commercial data controlling theory"and"commercial data right theory".All three options have their own advantages,disadvantages and dilemma.From the ontology of commercial data,it is a"complex"with the attributes of a variety of intellectual property rights,so it is difficult to regulate through a traditional one-way method of intellectual property rights;From the intellectual property dimension,it should be based on the trade secret law,copyright law and anti-unfair competition law step by step,collaborative governance,that is,"three steps path of protection".In this way,we can not only solve the practical problems under the premise of respecting the stability of the current laws,but also take into account the reality of existing business models,so as to promote the transaction and protection of commercial data,stimulate innovations,and promote the stable development of China's digital economy.