不同番茄品种果实品质比较分析

Comparative analysis of fruit quality of different tomato varieties

【目的】为筛选适合北京地区推广的高品质水果番茄品种和菜用番茄品种。【方法】对5个水果番茄品种和6个菜用番茄品种的果形指数、硬度、裂果率、单果质量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比、维生素C含量等外观、风味和营养品质指标分别进行单项评价和综合分析。【结果】所有番茄品种中,除P05、P61和P28外,绝大部分的品种果形指数在0.8~0.9之间,为近圆形,属于较优果形。水果番茄中P01硬度最低,P09裂果率最低,P04、P07和P09的单果质量符合市场偏好,P09和P05可溶性固形物含量较高,P01的可溶性糖含量最高、可滴定酸含量最低、糖酸比最高,P07维生素C含量最高;菜用番茄中各品种硬度均大于水果番茄且不裂果,其中P28硬度最低,除P59外其余品种的单果质量都符合市场偏好,P22和P44可溶性固形物含量较高,P44的可溶性糖含量最高、可滴定酸含量最低、糖酸比最高、维生素C含量最高。对番茄果实品质进行综合评价,水果番茄中排名最靠前的为P01,该品种果实大小适中,硬度低,裂果率低,商品性好;可溶性固形物、可溶性糖等风味物质含量高,可滴定酸含量低,鲜食口感佳。菜用番茄中P44果实为大果,外形美观,硬度适中,适宜储运和销售;可溶性固形物、可溶性糖和维生素C含量高,酸甜适度,营养丰富。【结论】筛选出P01和P44分别为最佳水果番茄品种和最佳菜用番茄品种。

【Objective】The experiment is in order to screen out high-quality fruit tomato and vegetable tomato varieties suitable for promotion in Beijing.【Methods】We individually evaluated and comprehensively analyzed the appearance and quality indicators of 5 new fruit tomato and 6 new vegetable tomato varieties.These indicators were fruit shape index,firmness,fruit cracking rate,single fruit weight,soluble solid content,soluble sugar,titratable acid,sugar-acid ratio,content of vitamin C.【Results】Except for P05,P61,and P28,most of the varieties have a fruit shape index between 0.8 and 0.9,approximately round,which is a relatively good fruit shape.Among fruit tomato varieties,P01 has the lowest hardness;P09 has the lowest fruit cracking rate;P04,P07,and P09 have the lowest single fruit weight;P07 has the highest vitamin C content.The fruit hardness of all vegetable tomato varieties is greater than that of fruit tomato varieties,and among which there is no fruit cracking in vegetable tomato varieties,P28 has the lowest fruit hardness.And there are no cracked fruits among vegetable tomato varieties.Except for P59,the single fruit weight of other vegetable tomato varieties meets the market demand.P22 and P44 have higher soluble solid content.P44 has the highest soluble sugar content,the lowest titratable acid content,the highest sugar-acid ratio,and the highest vitamin C content.Comprehensive evaluation of tomato fruit quality,the highest ranking among fruit tomato varieties is P01.This variety has moderate fruit size,low hardness and low fruit cracking rate,and good commerciality.It also has high content of soluble solids,soluble sugar and low content of titratable acid,and the fresh taste is good.The highest ranking among vegetable tomato varieties is P44,which fruit is large and beautiful in appearance,moderate in hardness,suitable for storage,transportation and sales.The content of soluble solids,soluble sugar and vitamin C of P44 fruits are high,the acidity and sweetness are moderate,and rich in nutrition.【Conclusion】P01 and P44 were screened out as the best fruit tomato and vegetable tomato varieties,respectively.