农户参与新型林业经营主体的增收效应研究--基于浙江、福建、江西3个省的调研数据

Research on the Income Increasing Effect of Small Farmers Participating in New Type of Forestry Management Entities——Empirical Research Based on Survey Data of Zhejiang,Fujian and Jiangxi Province

准确评估农户参与新型林业经营主体的增收效应并提出相应的政策建议,对于拓宽农户增收渠道、缩小山区贫富差距具有重要的现实意义。文章基于2019年浙江、福建、江西3个省531户农村家庭的实地调研数据,采用倾向得分匹配法实证检验了农户参与新型林业经营主体的增收效果,并在此基础上进一步对参与不同新型林业经营主体、不同经营规模和不同经营结构农户的增收效果进行量化识别与对比。结果表明:(1)农户参与新型林业经营主体能够显著促进家庭增收。在其他条件不变的情况下,参与新型林业经营主体分别能带来77.7%的家庭总收入、109.8%的非林收入和107.5%的林业收入。(2)农户参与不同类新型林业经营主体的增收效益由大到小排序依次是:林业企业、林业专业大户和林业专业合作社。(3)从农户经营规模和经营结构异质性来看,“中等规模”和“大规模”的农户、经济林类农户参与新型林业经营主体带来的增收效果更为明显。文章提出政府应加大对新型林业经营主体特别是林业专业大户和林业企业的扶持力度;进一步完善林地流转市场,鼓励农户适度扩大林地经营规模,从而提高其参与林业经营主体过程中的增收效应;继续完善农户与新型林业经营主体之间利益联结机制。

Accurately assessing the income increasing effect of small farmers’participation in new type of forestry management entities and putting forward corresponding policy recommendations are of great practical significance for broadening the income increasing channels of small farmers and narrowing the gap between the rich and the poor in mountain villages.According to the survey data from531 rural households in Zhejiang,Fujian and Jiangxi Province in 2019,this paper constructed a multiple linear regression model to analyze the impact of small farmers’participation behavior on family income,and on this basis,the propensity score matching(PSM)method was used to empirically test the income increase effect of new type of forestry management entities participating in small farmers’households,and to conduct heterogeneity of farmers participating in different new type of forestry management entities,different management scales and different management structures.The results showed that:(1)The participation of new type of forestry management entities could increase farmers’income.With other conditions unchanged,participating in the new type of forestry management entity could bring 77.7%,109.8%and 107.5%of the total household income,non-agricultural income and forestry income respectively.(2)The income increasing effect of farmers participating in different types of new type of forestry management entities in descending order were forestry enterprises,major forestry companies,and forestry professional cooperatives.(3)From the perspective of the heterogeneity of the farmer’s business scale and business structure,the increase in income brought about by the participation of"mediumscale"and"large-scale"farmers and economic forest farmers in the main body of new type of forestry management entities was more obvious.Consequently,the government should pay more attention on the new type of forestry management entity,especially large forestry professionals and enterprises.Further improve the forest land transfer market and encourage farmers to moderately expand the scale of forest land management,so as to increase their income in the process of participating in the new type of forestry management entity.Continue to improve the interest linkage mechanism between farmers and new type of forestry management entities.