林业生态扶贫效率评价研究--基于中国22个省份的实证分析

Study on Evaluation of the Efficiency of Ecology-based Poverty Alleviation in Forestry——An Empirical Analysis Based on 22 Provinces in China

林业生态扶贫在精准脱贫中发挥了重要作用。林业生态补偿、林业产业发展对贫困地区补齐乡村振兴中的短板意义重大。文章运用三阶段DEA模型,对2015-2019年中国有贫困县的22个省份林业生态扶贫效率进行测度和分析。结果显示:(1)在剔除外部环境和随机误差影响后,林业生态扶贫效率整体上升,综合技术效率5年均值为0.819,尚未实现最优配置,扶贫规模效率5年均值为0.955,规模总体上相对合理,扶贫纯技术效率5年均值为0.858,有效性尚显不足;(2)第二阶段SFA回归结果表明,地区经济社会发展水平是提升林业生态扶贫效率的有利因素,森林资源的有效开发与产业带动效应尚不显著;(3)林业生态扶贫效率水平省际差异显著,纯技术效率和规模效率双高型省份占比45.5%,双低型省份占比13.6%。受益于各级财政资金投入与公益岗位设置,短期内各地林业生态扶贫规模效率明显提升,但林业生态资源有效利用水平不高、生态补偿制度可持续性不足、生态产业技术应用能力弱等问题限制了扶贫技术效率持续提升。新时期,应着力于优化政策制度安排、提升林业资源配置效率、强化资金整合机制、实施分类规划与梯次推进策略,因地制宜拓展生态振兴路径。

Ecology-based poverty alleviation plays a remarkable role in the national policy of"targeted poverty alleviation"in China.Ecological compensation and the industrial development of forestry is of great significance for making up for the inadequacy of povertystricken areas in achieving rural revitalization.The study employed three-stage DEA model and used the data from 2015 to 2019 of twentytwo provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities in China with poverty-stricken counties,so as to measure and analyze their efficiency of ecology-based poverty alleviation in forestry.The findings indicated that:(1)After excluding the influence of external environment and random errors,the efficiency of ecology-based poverty alleviation in forestry improved as a whole,and the 5-year average value of comprehensive technical efficiency was 0.819,which had not achieved optimal configuration.Besides,the 5-year average value of scale efficiency of poverty alleviation was 0.955,which was relatively reasonable on the whole;and the 5-year average value of pure technical efficiency of poverty alleviation was 0.858,which was still insufficient.(2)The second-stage SFA regression results reveal that the level of regional economic and social development was a favorable factor to improve the efficiency of ecology-based poverty alleviation in forestry;however,there was still no satisfactory performance in either the effective development of forest resources or the driving effect of forest industry.(3)Levels of efficiency of ecology-based poverty alleviation in forestry were significantly varied from provinces,those that presented high level in both pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency(dual-high-efficiency)accounted for 45.5%,while those that presented low level in both of the afore-said items(dual-low-efficiency)accounted for 13.6%.Benefiting from the fiscal funds at all levels,the scale efficiency of poverty alleviation had enjoyed an appreciable boost in the short run.In the meanwhile,the effective utilization of forestry ecological resources,and the mechanism of diversified ecological compensation as well as ecological industrial poverty alleviation approaches base on high technology application had not yet been formed,hence the poverty alleviation efficiency tended to be greatly affected.In the new era,we should put forth efforts to reinforce guarantees from policy and improve the efficiency of forestry resource allocation,while exploring the means of market-oriented ecological compensation and promoting the regional coordinated development,so as to expand the path of ecological revitalization in China.