基于社会心理模型的不同障碍物人员疏散仿真

Simulation of the evacuation of different obstacles based on a social-psychological model

为了能通过障碍物设置提升人群疏散效率,缓解疏散过程中的拥挤问题,对火灾疏散场景进行仿真。根据恐慌状态下人群的“非适应性”行为理论构建社会心理模型,并将模型的量化参数引入疏散仿真过程中,进而对人群的疏散过程做出更加精准的模拟。在此基础上,研究了障碍物的形态、大小和布局对疏散效率和拥挤程度的影响,仿真数据显示,合理的进行障碍物布置能有效提高疏散效率。根据仿真结果总结出障碍物设计思路,并加以完善和检验,为实际建筑设计中的疏散逃逸设计提供参考。

In the scene of building fire,people often get out of control because of panic.To solve the problem of public safety in the process of evacuation and escape,this study simulates the evacuation process of building fire.Through the study of sociology and psychology,we can describe the crowd behavior in the evacuation process more accurately.This kind of behavior can be called“non-adaptive”behavior.The related theory of this behavior can be divided into three parts.They are panic crowd theory,behavior decision theory,and tension theory.Based on this theory,we can build a corresponding social-psychological model.To introduce the social-psychological model into the simulation process,it is necessary to quantify the related theories first.On this basis,the influence of obstacles on the evacuation process is studied through simulation experiments.Three kinds of common obstacles are selected for discussion.Then,according to the shape and size characteristics of different types of obstacles,simulation experiments are carried out.According to the experimental results,the suitable obstacle design ideas are summarized.According to the design idea,the layout of obstacles is studied.Based on design ideas,the layout scheme of obstacles is designed.Then,different layout schemes are simulated.According to the experimental results,the design idea is improved.Shortcuts need to be avoided when diverting obstacles.On the evacuation route,it is necessary to smooth the parts with sharp changes in angle.Finally,the improved design ideas are verified by simulation experiments.The experimental results confirm the feasibility of the design ideas obtained from the research.Such barrier layout design can improve evacuation efficiency and effectively relieve crowd congestion.The obstacle design ideas obtained from the experiment can provide a reference for evacuation and escape design in architectural design.